| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 20世纪初，在曾称为俄国的这块冻土上，俄语论文，社会主义的种子破土而出，历经七十多年的岁月，终究归于灰尘。在俄国年夜地上，共产主义的幻想之花所激起的热忱日渐冷却，所展现的将来向往愈显虚幻。苏维埃政权的树立作用和转变了世界很多国度的平易近族束缚过程。东欧一些国度师法苏俄树立了无产阶层专政，环绕在苏联四周。在其他年夜陆上，共产主义活动也是如火如荼。世界格式的演化不只仅因一战而转变，俄语论文范文，这些社会主义国度的出生和反动海潮异样发生了主要的作用。列宁引导的布尔什维克在十月反动后慢慢探究进步，赓续稳固工人阶层经由过程反动取得的重生政权。在扶植社会主义政治、经济体系体例的同时，还确立了社会主义的消息体系体例，成长了无产阶层的消息事业。这类新型的消息体系体例在实际上根据马克思列宁的报刊思惟和准绳，在理论上以十月反动前列宁开办引导下的反动报刊为物资基本而扶植成长的。报刊的重要任务也由揭穿和批评本钱主义弊病、宣扬共产主义思惟和组织无产阶层联结起来颠覆沙俄政权，改变为保卫重生政权和积极推动国度的扶植成长。在社会主义早期，苏联报刊充足施展其宣扬、煽动和组织的本能机能，积极合营政治、经济、军事和文明等范畴的组织扶植运动，为苏维埃政权在国际外壮大的威逼下能慢慢稳定进献了本身的力气。然则同时也埋下了隐患。消息事业处在国度的筹划型体系体例下，消息传媒的宣扬、煽动和组织本能机能被过火强调，消息实际停止不前，熟悉上又存在偏颇，不克不及顺应新情势下消息事业的成长，理论的指点力慢慢变得微弱。因而，消息传媒认识形状对象颜色日趋浓厚。 Abstract: At the beginning of the 20th century, in what was once known for this permafrost in Russia, socialist seed shoots up out of the earth, after years of over 70 years and eventually attributed to dust. On the eve of the Russian, flower of the fantasy communism aroused enthusiasm gradually cooling, showing the future yearning appears to be more and more unreal. The influence of the Soviet regime and the transformation of the world in many countries of the shackles of the people. Some countries in Eastern Europe to imitate the Soviet Union established a dictatorship of the proletariat, around the Soviet Union around. On other continents, the Communist movement is in full swing. The evolution of the format of the world not only only after the first World War and change, these socialist country of birth and the reactionary tide strange happened mainly affect the. Lenin led the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution to explore slowly progress, continuously stable working-class obtained through the reaction of rebirth regime. Construction socialist political and economic system at the same time, also established the socialist news systems, the growth of the middle class of business news. This new message architecture style in actually according to the Marx and Lenin's newspaper thought and principle, in theory to before the October Revolution Lenin run under the guidance of the reactionary press materials for basic and foster growth. The important task of newspapers also by exposed and criticized the ills of capitalism, promote the Communist ideology and tissue middle class connected to subvert the Tsarist regime, to defend the rebirth regime and actively promote the country's construction growth change. In the early stage of socialism, the Soviet press cast sufficient preached, fomented and organized the instinct function, positive cooperation in politics, economy, military and culture category of organization construction movement, under the Soviet regime in the international expansion of coercion can steadily into the offering of the power of the gas. But at the same time also buried the hidden dangers. News career in country planning system style, news media propaganda, incitement and organization performance by overemphasizing the, the actual message stop, familiar with are somewhat biased, unable to meet the development of news industry under the new situation, guidance of the theory of force slowly becomes weak. As a result, the news media to understand the shape of the object is becoming increasingly strong color. 目录: 引言 9-11 1 苏联新闻体制的确立和发展 11-27 1．1 背景 11 1．2 列宁的新闻思想 11-17 1．2．1 十月革命前 11-13 1．2．1．1 对于报刊职能的论述 12 1．2．1．2 对报刊党性准则的阐释 12-13 1．2．1．3 对于资产阶级新闻自由的略论 13 1．2．2 十月革命后 13-17 1．2．2．1 报刊工作重心的转移 13-15 1．2．2．2 对于报刊任务的论述 15-17 1．3 列宁新闻思想的剖析 17-19 1．3．1 理论层面的隐患 17-19 1．3．2 外部因素:战时共产主义政策 19 1．4 斯大林执政下新闻体制的逐步定型 19-24 1．4．1 国内背景 19-20 1．4．2 新闻体制及特征的发展变化 20-21 1．4．3 新闻观的不足与停滞 21-23 1．4．4 国际环境的因素 23-24 1．5 后斯大林时代新闻体制 24-27 2 戈尔巴乔夫时期的新闻变革 27-40 2．1 新闻事业变革历程 27-29 2．1．1 “公开性”的初步阶段 27 2．1．2 “公开性”的扩大阶段 27-29 2．1．3 媒体失控阶段 29 2．2 改革中媒体的变化与特征 29-36 2．2．1 从片面报道走向全面反映社会 29-30 2．2．2 批评愈来愈尖锐，媒体走向双向互动交流 30-31 2．2．3 对媒体的管制由紧到松 31-32 2．2．4 媒体出现分化，具有派别倾向 32-34 2．2．5 由“人治”走向“法治” 34-36 2．3 戈尔巴乔夫的新闻思想 36-40 2．3．1 “公开性”准则 37 2．3．2 以媒体为公共论坛，开展舆论多元化 37-38 2．3．3 坚持社会主义的新闻准则 38-40 3 俄罗斯新闻体制的建设与发展 40-53 3．1 俄罗斯新闻事业的资本化历程 40-48 3．1．1 法制建设 41-42 3．1．2 新闻媒体私有化，市场自由竞争 42-48 3．2 俄罗斯新闻传媒受控于金融财团的原因 48-50 3．3 俄罗斯新闻体制及特征 50-53 4 苏联与俄罗斯新闻体制之批评与反思 53-60 4．1 新闻体制与国情(政治、经济结构，文化意识形态)必然适合性 53-54 4．2 新闻体制的传播学角度探寻 54-56 4．3 新闻体制的社会学视角 56-58 4．4 启示 58-60 5 结语 60-61 参考文献 61-63 学术成果 63-64 声明 64-65 致谢 65 |
