| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 中国的对外商业与文明交换来源很早。分歧汗青时代，中国各平易近族积极介入与其他平易近族的经济文明交换，在互通有没有的同时，促进了互相间的懂得和友情。但自有清一代开端，中国的对外商业由自动变成主动，对外的经济文明交换逐步收窄。在这类配景下，方才完成中心集权化的沙皇俄国赓续地与中国停止自动接触。终究，以雍正五年(1728年)中、俄两国当局签署的《恰克图合同》为标记，绵亘亚欧年夜陆，连续两百多年的中俄恰克图商业拉开了帷幕。恰克图商业的成长在增进中、俄两国经济成长的同时，对蒙古地域的经济文明发生了主要的作用。本文以中俄恰克图商业史实为根据，在界定恰克图商业相干的时光概念和蒙古地域的空间概念的基本上，起首剖析了恰克图商业构成前的商业汗青及配景。进而经由过程从商业额、商品构造、合同系统三个方面临恰克图商业的成长进程停止梳理，俄语论文网站，并从平略论出导致恰克图商业走向衰落的内涵和内在的诱因。由此构成了对恰克图商业的周全熟悉。在这类认知系统的基本之上，起首以中俄恰克图商业在蒙古地域的商品运输道路为线索，剖析了繁华时代的恰克图商业与衰落期的恰克图商业对蒙古地域交通运输业繁华成长的分歧作用。其次，俄语专业论文，本文拔取了恰克图(今蒙古国阿勒坦布拉格)、库伦(今蒙古国乌兰巴托)和张家口(今河北省张家口市)三个其时受中俄恰克图商业作用而成长的城市典范停止了剖析。再次，本文对蒙古地域传统畜牧业在恰克图商业作用下的成长停止了剖析。将上述三种作用剖析综合起来，本文将其与西伯利亚地域的经济成长作一简略比对以后，得出了轨制、政策、商业自己三个导致恰克图商业作用下的蒙古地域经济绝对较缓的缘由。另外，本文还对恰克图商业对蒙古地域的文明作用停止了剖析。经由过程剖析发明，恰克图商业不只使介入商业的蒙古族、汉族和俄罗斯族之间的文明交换加倍慎密，还对蒙古地域其他的多数平易近族间的文明交换起到了必定的增进感化。在此基本之上，文章特殊对蒙古族一这一蒙古地域的主体平易近族贸易思惟和生涯习气上的变更停止了进一步的剖析与思虑。 Abstract: China's foreign trade and cultural exchange source is very early. Different historical times, the Chinese people actively involved in the economic and cultural exchanges with other ethnic groups, there is no difference in the exchange at the same time, promote mutual understanding and friendship. But since the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, China's foreign trade has become active, and the exchange of foreign economic civilization gradually narrowed. In this kind of background, the center will complete centralization and China tsarist Russia continuously to stop automatic contact. After all, with five years of Yongzheng (1728), Russian authorities of both countries signed the "Kyakhta agreement" marked, stretching the Eurasian continent, for more than 200 years of Sino Russian Qiaketu trade pulled open heavy curtain. Qiaketu trade growth promote, Russian economic growth at the same time, economy and culture of Mongolia region occurred mainly influence. The Sino Russian Qiaketu trade facts for according to definition of the Kyakhta coherent commercial time concept and Mongolian geographical space concept in basically, the first analysis of the Qiaketu trade pose in front of the commercial history and background. And through the process from the three aspects of the trade, commodity structure, contract system pro Qiaketu trade development process of carding and precipitation from equally lead to Qiaketu trade to decline the connotation and intrinsic inducements. The familiar with comprehensive business kiakhta. In the system of this kind of cognitive basis chapeau to Russia Qiaketu trade in Mongolia regional commercial road transport as the clue, analyzes the prosperous era of Qiaketu trade and fading effect of differences of Mongolia regional transportation prosperous growth period Qiaketu trade. Secondly, this paper selects the Kyakhta (now Mongolia altanbulag), Coulomb (now Ulan Bator, Mongolia) and Zhangjiakou (today's Hebei Province, Zhangjiakou City) three meantime by Russian Qiaketu trade effects and growth of urban model to carry on the analysis. Again, the traditional animal husbandry of Mongolia regional industry in Qiaketu trade under the influence of the growth of the analysis. The three impact analysis together. In this paper, with the Siberian regional economic growth for a simple comparison, it is concluded that the rail system, policy and business own three lead to Qiaketu trade under the influence of Mongolia region economy is relatively slow reason. In addition, the influence of Kiakhta commercial civilization in the Mongolia area are analyzed. Through the analysis of the process of invention, Qiaketu trade not only makes between business involved in the Mongolian, Han and ethnic Russian civilization exchange double cheek by jowl, also to Mongolia in other regions of the most plain near family civilization exchange to a certain stimulative effect. On this basic, the article is special to the Mongolia nationality one this Mongolia region main body nationality trade thought and the profession custom change has stopped the further analysis and the thought. 目录: |
