《文化交流》在俄罗斯远东[俄语论文]

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  感受在异国他乡的友谊
外语论文网 www.waiyulw.com
  2017年3月22日,我再次踏上了俄罗斯远东这片土地,俄语论文题目,当大巴在辽阔的平原上穿行的时候,窗外是茫茫逶迤的雪山,高耸的白桦树……
  去年也是在同样的季节里,我送中国留学生来这里,第一次来俄罗斯的激动与他们热情而周到的接待,我记忆犹新。为我作俄语翻译的娜斯嘉是在2017年9月份开始在大连外国语学院攻读汉语比较文学学位。去年12月初,我去北京开会,从大连返回,在“大外”见到了娜斯佳,她意外的高兴,因为我们没有事先沟通此事。我带了一本2017年第7期《文化交流》杂志给她。其中刊载有《难忘的俄罗斯远东之旅》一文,记述了我第一次访问俄罗斯远东时对方院校热情的接待和学校宁静的学习氛围,有不少篇幅描述了我新结识的几位俄罗斯朋友,其中就有娜斯佳,她积极上进,学习过舞蹈、音乐、英语、汉语、日语。现在正在积极备考外国留学生在华最高级别的汉语水平考试。见到我,她也同样感受到了在异国他乡的友谊。
  到俄罗斯远东第一次早餐时见到厨师丽萨,一年没有见面了,我们热情地拥抱。她比我年长,还拿了两盒巧克力说是送给我儿子的。在《文化交流》杂志的那篇文章中,对于丽萨我用了不少笔墨,是她让我深切地体会到了俄罗斯人的热情,俄罗斯母亲的宽厚与仁慈。在俄罗斯,女性很受尊重,在大街上,如果有孕妇出现,那么她会得到现场一切便利的条件。在家庭,母亲和老人是非常受尊重的,曾经在俄罗斯恶劣的气候环境和社会变化中,家庭的爱常常是惟一温馨的港湾,而母亲给家庭以安全感。在比罗比詹通往共青城的10个小时的公共汽车上,电视里播放了4部俄罗斯电影,和现实生活中一样,无论是农村还是城镇,传统的俄罗斯民房都是用木头搭建的,几代人住在一个房子里,虽然时有争吵,但还是相处得很融洽,有家庭成员外出或外出回来时总是和其他家庭成员一一拥抱、亲吻面颊。这样一种仪式、礼节最后成为一种习俗。有一句谚语:“拥抱让人快乐、使人感到温暖而且令人陶醉,这一定是我们长着双臂的原因了。”
  午餐时,我见到了尤利娅――汉语和英语的老师,去年她送我从共青城返回比罗比詹(中国大巴回国的起点),乘14个小时的火车才到达,安排好我的住宿后又乘14个小时的火车返回共青城,这让我感动。当时她新婚不久,丈夫送她到共青城火车站的时候,我们见过面,他憨厚、朴实。在旅途中,尤利娅经常接到丈夫的短信,她还用汉语自言自语地说出声来,她丈夫有点惦记,因为这是她第一次在国内出远门。尤利娅对我说她丈夫看上去要比实际年龄大,但人很好,这几天准备应聘一个工作岗位。了解了这些情况后,我的心里隐隐地有一点歉意。火车在哈巴罗夫斯克停留两个小时,我们下了火车,到车站附近的超市买“早餐”,我买了德芙巧克力给她,还有一盒烟给她丈夫(她说她丈夫不喜欢喝酒,但抽烟),我想这个时候的小礼品表达了一种心情和友好吧。
  去年暑期,我通过中国留学生捎给她一本《文化交流》杂志,那篇文章里刊出了尤利娅的一张照片。在给我的信中她说这是她收到的最好的礼物,也是她的照片第一次上杂志,这是一本发行150多个国家和地区的中英文编排的双语杂志。她是在职读汉语的探讨生,我说你可以写点反映家乡共青城的文章,我联系投稿给中国的杂志,这会是你学习汉语的最好的成果。她表示再次见到我非常高兴,只是我停留的时间太短了,也希望自己能写点文章,在中国的杂志《文化交流》上。
  我从她的身上看到了俄罗斯不同的文化,她的阳光,她的优雅的气质,她对朋友和家庭的友善与负责,她上课时对中国学生认真和严格的要求(我们的留学生说的),都让我很珍视与她的友谊。
  送留学生的工作非常顺利,阿穆尔国立人文师范大学外事处的娜斯嘉到比罗比詹去接我们,学校安排学生及家长参观校史馆、图书馆、篮球馆、拳击馆、音乐厅、留学生教室、对外俄语教研室等教学、学习场所及其他辅助设施,在参观留学生公寓的公共厨房时,娜斯嘉说:“中国的学生来这里最后得到两个证,一个是毕业证,俄语毕业论文,一个是厨师证。”学生家长感触很深,说学校安静、整洁、文明,是学习的好地方。孩子第一次远离父母,在家里什么都是现成的,她们也曾为孩子什么时候能长大与独立而犯愁,这儿要自己买菜做饭,觉得这是非常难得的锻炼机会,孩子在这里她们非常放心。
  
  每个人都是文化
  交流的使者
  娜斯嘉陪同我、学生家长、留学生在参观学生活动室的过程中碰到了主管学生活动的副校长,她说:“我们的孩子也在国外留学,我们也希望他们得到好的教育和帮助,所以我们会像对自己的孩子一样对待你们的孩子。”这是外事处的娜斯嘉翻译的,话说得多么简单而富有逻辑,人同此心。两个中国女家长也很感动,她们说得也很得体:“我们都是母亲!”这是不同文化对待教育以同样的重视,母亲对待孩子以同样的爱和牵挂。发自心底的声音远胜过有准备的外交辞令,民间的交往更真实地推动双方的理解与友谊。
  在不同文化的沟通中,每个人不仅代表他(她)自己,还传递和反映着自己所在国家的形象,每个人都是文化交流的使者。
  对方院校的校长舒梅克・亚历山大和负责科研的副校长接见了我。我首先表示非常荣幸见到校长,我说:“刚才外事处的娜斯嘉带我们参观了很多地方,负责留学生教学工作的伊莉娜主任很有管理措施,也很幽默,我们的学生家长对这里的一切非常满意、放心。我是第二次来共青城,给我的印象是俄罗斯的男生很英俊,女生很漂亮!”一听我这样说,亚历山大校长笑了,这位高等教育学的说:“中国学生中有特长的学生不少,有一个学生在远东地区外国留学生音乐大赛中获得很好的名次,我们喜欢学生各方面都发展。”共青城国立人文师范大学与中国多所高校都建立了友好的校际联系,并都有相应学校中国学生短期交流,但亚历山大校长强调我们佳木斯大学是与之最早建立联系的院校。在谈及《远东和贝加尔湖地区2020――2025年振兴战略》时,我说两所学校可在中俄联合开发远东及中俄国际关系方面进行科研合作,这一点在双方的校长会晤时一定会有实质性的进展和有意义的收获。对方负责科技的副校长提议我们可以举办每年一次的国际论坛,分别由两所学校隔年承办。
  会见结束后我和亚历山大校长握手道别,他说自己要学汉语,因为有孔子学院了;我对他说自己想学俄语,以便更好地交流,让我们首先建立英文的通讯联系,互相帮助学习对方的语言。
  在离开共青城的前一天晚上,我们的留学生还给我们做了红烧肉和蒜苔炒肉、鸡蛋汤等,手艺不错。而孔子学院的中文老师孙的比萨做得很好,我当时开玩笑说:“孙不探讨汉语言文学,开始探讨俄罗斯烹饪了。”她说工作之余看看俄式西餐的菜谱,学着去做,也是学习和温习一下俄罗斯文化吧。在与俄罗斯远东友好院校的交往中,我觉得建立个人间的友谊与信任很重要。
  有一种跨越文化的无障碍的沟通叫做真诚和善意,在这种沟通中便有了文化的交流与借鉴。远东是俄罗斯在亚洲的部分,同欧洲的地区或中国相比,它市场化的程度并不充分,保持着俄罗斯古朴的民风和许多我们曾经留恋的很多美好的东西。这个时候,我发现自己喜欢俄罗斯远东的原因了:那里有我们可学习的文化,那里有我喜欢的朋友。
  
  (作者系佳木斯大学国际学院副院长)□
  
  I Bring Cultural Dialogue to Russian Far East
  By Zheng Lixin
  
  March 22, 2017 saw me set foot on the Russian Far East again. The bus strolled across the vast flatland with towering silver birch forests and snow-covered mountains in the background.

  This time last year I escorted a group of Chinese students on their journey to the Amur State University of Humanities and Pedagogy in Komsomolsk-on-Amur in the Russian Far East. I remember vividly how I was bubbling with excitement for my first visit to Russia and how we were cordially and thoughtfully received. Nastya, a Russian girl who served as my interpreter during my first visit, started her postgraduate study on comparative Chinese literature at Dalian Foreign Languages College in China in September, 2017. I ran into her at the college after I came back from Beijing on business and stopped over at Dalian. We were surprised to see each other on the campus. I happened to have a copy of the July 2017 issue in which my account of my first was printed and gave it to her. A brilliant student, she was preparing for the top level HSK (Chinese Proficiency Test). She was very happy to see me.
  Lisa was a chef I met when I was having my first breakfast at the Russian Far East in 2017. After a year of not seeing each other, we were happy to have a hug in celebration of the reunion. She is older than I am. She gave me two boxes of chocolate for my son. In my eyes, she is a perfect prototype of Russian mothers: warm-hearted, kind, and magnanimous.
  At lunch I saw Julia, a teacher of Chinese and English. Last year, she escorted me on my 14-hour train journey from Komsomolsk to Birobidzhan where I was to take a bus ride back to China. Upon the arrival at Birobidzhan, she made arrangements for me to check in a hotel. Then she took the 14-hour back journey to Komsomolsk. At that time, she had just got married. Her husband brought her to the railway station at Komsomolsk and we met briefly, a man of honesty. Her husband was preparing for a job interview. I felt regretted seeing her leaving her husband. During the two-hour stopover at Khabarovsk, I bought chocolate and cigarettes for her husband.
  Last summer vacation, I sent a copy of July 2017 issue of Cultural Dialogue to Julia via a Chinese student. Shortly afterwards, she wrote me a letter saying that it was the first time that her picture had ever appeared in a magazine. She was studying a postgraduate Chinese course at that time. I suggested that if she would write a piece on her hometown Komsomolsk I would be very glad to recommend it to some Chinese magazines.
  Julia was very happy to see me again but she was sorry that I would stay there for a very short time. She hoped to write a story for Cultural Dialogue.
  My escorting the Chinese students to the Amur State University of Humanities and Pedagogy in Komsomolsk-on-Amur was completed with ease. Nastya, a girl from the foreign affair office of the university, had come all the way to meet us at Birobidzhan and took us to the university. On the campus, she took us around and showed all the facilities to Chinese students. When we visited the public kitchen at the student dormitory, Nastya commented that the Chinese students would have two licenses at the end of their study at the university: graduation diploma and chef license. The Chinese parents like the cooking project because they believe cooking give their children an opportunity to learn how to take care of themselves.

  During our campus tour, we met with a vice chancellor of the university in charge of student affairs. She said as they had children studying abroad, they hoped they would treat Chinese students on the campus as their own children.
  Then I met with chancellor of the university Alexander and a vice chancellor in charge of scientific research. I said that I was honored to meet with the chancellor and the vice chancellor, that parents who came with the students were satisfied with everything they saw, and that it was my second visit to Komsomolsk and that I found girls were pretty and boys were handsome. Chancellor Alexander laughed. He remarked that many of Chinese students at the Amur State University of Humanities and Pedagogy in Komsomolsk-on-Amur had specialties. One of the Chinese students had just won a prize in a music competition for foreign students in the Russian Far East.
  The Amur State University of Humanities and Pedagogy in Komsomolsk-on-Amur has friendly relations with a number of Chinese universities and colleges, and many send their students there for short-term studies, but, as pointed out by Chancellor Alexander, Jiamusi University first set up the cooperative relations with Amur State University of Humanities and Pedagogy in Komsomolsk-on-Amur.
  We then talked about cooperative projects the two higher education institutes could jointly develop in the future, as geared to the development strategy for 2020-2025 in Far East and Lake Baikal.
  In the last evening in Komsomolsk, I had special dishes prepared by our Chinese students. Dr. Sun, a teacher of Chinese now working at a Confucius Institute in Far East, prepared a pizza.
  I feel that individual friendship and trust play a key part in the friendly and cooperative exchanges between universities in China and the Russian Far East. Unlike China or European part of Russia, the Russian Far East retains a lifestyle and many beautiful elements that we appreciate. With this understanding, I find why I like the Russian Far East so much: it offers a culture that we Chinese can learn and it is home to many of my friends. □

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