19世纪50年代美国对古巴政策探讨Study on the policy of the United States in 1850s 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 美国自力以后，华盛顿总统制订了“孤立主义”的交际政策，西语论文网站，以避免美国卷入欧洲年夜陆的纷争。然则进入19世纪以后，西语论文，跟着实力的增加，美国便一向想把西班牙的殖平易近地古巴归入疆土。几位开国前驱都有将古巴并入联邦的谈吐。然则因为本身实力的缘由，美国临时没有实力与欧洲列强（重要是英国）争取古巴。19世纪20年月，时任国务卿的约翰·昆西·亚当斯提出了针对古巴成绩的“熟果”政策：在美国没有才能占领古巴时，临时让西班牙统治古巴，同时否决任何欧洲强国转变古巴统治权的行动，待到机会成熟时，吞并古巴。随后出台的《门罗宣言》则是“熟果”政策的进一步扩大，把扩大规模从古巴扩展到全部拉丁美洲。进入19世纪30、40年月后，在“天天命运”标语的号令下，美国经由过程年夜陆扩大获得了浩瀚国土。“青年美国”活动把树立美国式政治轨制融会于扩大当中，为美国将来的扩大指清楚明了偏向。在地缘政治上占领主要位置的古巴，天然惹起了扩大主义份子的浓重兴致，兼并古巴不只可以占领计谋要地，并且南边的栽种园主还可以增长政治实力。此时的美国已没有耐烦，期待古巴天然而然的落入本身的怀抱。19世纪上半期的西班牙社会骚乱，封建田主阶层仍占统治位置，本钱主义力气强大。作为殖平易近帝国的西班牙，海内殖平易近地对其有主要意义。西班牙当局靠对殖平易近地的苛捐杂税来填补国际的财务赤字，而古巴在个中占领主要位置。与古巴的商业也具有主要意义，富裕的古巴给母国供给了充分的原资料和税收支出。法兰西第一帝国时代，西班牙外乡被法国占据，西班牙与拉丁美洲殖平易近地被隔断。1810年，多洛雷斯的呼声拉开了拉丁美洲自力战斗的尾声。西班牙的殖平易近统治风声鹤唳，残余的殖平易近权势退到了古巴岛，岛上的革命权势异常壮大，因此古巴没能自力。古巴岛内迸发了屡次奴隶起义，但都被反抗了下去。剧烈的社会抵触促使部门古巴栽种园主发生了自力或许归并到美国去的设法主意。因而有了“洛佩斯的远征”，然则美国附属于辉格党的菲尔莫尔当局严守中立法，远征也得不到古巴国民的支撑，终究掉败了。然则却获得了美国南边妄图扩大奴隶制的蓄奴主义者的支撑。古巴成绩逐步与美国南北两边对于奴隶制的争辩接洽在一路。平易近主党的皮尔斯当局下台后，代表南边栽种园主好处，积极展开兼并古巴的行为。国务卿威廉马西授意美国驻英公使詹姆斯布坎南、驻法公使詹姆斯梅森和驻西班牙公使皮埃尔·苏莱评论辩论美国对古巴政策。三位公使制订了《奥斯坦德宣言》，提出了旨在购置、假如西班牙谢绝出售，就用武力牟取的战略。《奥斯坦德宣言》成为尔后美国对古巴政策的基石，乃至19世纪末的美西战斗都能看到它的影子。这个宣言因为其时国际外的否决，临时破产了。然则一旦机会成熟便会逝世灰复燃。詹姆斯布坎南由于介入制订《奥斯坦德宣言》而被南边平易近主党权势重视，在1856年被选美国总统。布坎南成为总统后，提出《3000万美元购置案》，妄图购置古巴。终究遭到南方议员的否决而无果而终。至此美国对古巴政策在内战前告一段落。19世纪50年月美国对古巴政策作用深远，在必定水平上加快了美国际战的迸发。本文的重要内容等于商量19世纪50年月美国对古巴政策的改变，及其对两边的作用。 Abstract: After independence, President Washington made the "isolationist" foreign policy, in order to avoid U.S. involvement in continental Europe dispute. But after entering in nineteenth Century, along with the increase of the strength, the United States has always been to Spain's colonial territory in cuba. There are several founding precursor will be incorporated into the federal Cuba speech. But because of its strength, the United States has no strength and the European powers (important) to fight for cuba. Nineteenth Century 20, when he was Secretary of state John Quincy Adams made a "ripe fruit" policy on Cuba's achievements: in the United States did not have the ability to occupy Cuba, the Spanish rule of Cuba, while rejecting any European powers to change the rule of Cuba, when the opportunity is ripe, the annexation of cuba. The subsequent introduction of the Monroe declaration is ripe fruit policy to further expand the expansion of scale from Cuba to all Latin america. In nineteenth Century 30, 40 years later, in the day of destiny "slogan under orders, the United States through the process of the eve of Lu Kuoda won the vast land. "Young America" activities to establish the American political system integration to expand, for the expansion of the United States in the future to clear bias. Occupy an important position in the geopolitics of Cuba, has aroused strong interest to expand natural conservatives, mergers can not only occupy the strategic position of Cuba, and south of the main planting garden can also increase political power. At this time, the United States has no patience, looking forward to Cuba's natural and natural fall into its own arms. During the first half of nineteenth Century the Spanish social unrest, the feudal landlord class still occupies a dominant position, the capitalist powerful. As the Spanish colonial empire, overseas colonies have major implications for the. The Spanish authorities on the colony to fill the international financial deficit exorbitant tax levies, and it occupies the important position in cuba. With the Cuban business also has major significance, rich in Cuba to home offerred sufficient raw materials and tax expenditure. The first French Empire, the Spanish native French possession, Spanish and Latin American colonies was cut off. In 1810, Dolores's voice began the end of the war of independence in Latin america. The Spanish colonization of paranoia, remnants of the colonial power retreated to the island of Cuba, the island's revolutionary power abnormal growth, so the Cuban can not self. The island of Cuba has burst out of the slave uprising, but it has been resisted. The violent social conflict has led to the idea that the Department of Cuba, which has a garden in the United States, has had an idea that might have merged into the United States. Hence the "Lopez expedition", but the United States is affiliated to the Whig party, the Fillmore administration strictly in the legislation, there was no expedition Cuban national support, eventually failed. But the United States south to expand slavery abolitionist storage support. Cuba's achievements in the United States and the United States in the north and south sides of the debate on slavery in a way. After the Democratic Party of the Pearce administration to step down, on behalf of the south of the main benefits of planting garden, and actively expand the behavior of the merger of cuba. The United States Secretary of state William Marcy inspired British Minister James Buchanan, U.S. policy toward Cuba's law minister James Mason and Minister Pierre Souley discussed in spain. The three ministers formulated the "Ostrander declaration", proposed to purchase, if Spain declined to sell, with force to seek strategy. "Ostrander declaration" and become the cornerstone of the American policy toward Cuba, and at the end of the nineteenth Century Spanish American combat can see its shadow. The declaration was temporarily broke down because of the veto of the time. But once the opportunity is mature death of resurgence. James Buchanan, as a result of the intervention in the formulation of the "Ostrander declaration" and by the main party of the Democratic Party, in 1856 was elected president of the United states. After Buchanan became president, the "$30 million purchase", to purchase cuba. After all, it was rejected by the south, and the end of the end. So far the United States to Cuba policy in the civil war before the end of the war. Nineteenth Century 50 years the United States has a profound impact on Cuba policy, in a certain level to speed up the United States International war. The main content of this paper is to discuss the changes of the United States in nineteenth Century, 50 years, and its influence on the policy of Cuba. 目录: |
