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【摘要】：土地是人类非常宝贵的资产,因此必须在节约土地资源和保护环境的基础上合理地利用土地资源,这也是提高经济效益的一个至关重要的问题。但到目前为止,仍然有许多国家,包括越南,未能确保土地利用的可持续性发展要求。土地的有效利用首先依赖于各个级别的土地利用规划,以及每个地方的社会经济发展规划和各生态区的农业发展规划等。此外,各国家的城市化进程不断加快对每个国家的土地利用结构和人民社会经济生活造成了巨大的作用。伴随城市化的进行,城市用地向周围扩张导致了土地利用用途的改变,主要是将农业用地转变成具有其他不同用途的土地利用类型。归仁是平定省的文化、经济、政治中心,坐落于越南的中南部,总面积约为28.552,85 ha。最近几年,土地利用用途的改变和城市扩张的快速发生导致多种土地利用类型发生变化,以及农业用地的大量灭失,对农民生活既有积极作用又有消极的作用。另外,土地利用的变化和城市扩张也对城市的用地管理造成了一系列的困难。综合以上观点,我们主要探讨以下问题:1.归仁市土地利用变化探讨:利用ENVI软件和Arc GIS软件处理陆地卫星和SPOT4卫星的遥感图像,我们可以进行土地利用类型的分类并绘制土地利用覆盖图,主要包括五种土地属性数据:农业用地、非农用地、林地、水利用地和未利用地。通过对比略论2000年和2017年的土地覆盖图,绘制土地利用变化图以显示出2000-2017年土地利用数量和空间上变化。土地覆盖分类以及土地利用变化图的编制,对图像分类的评价结果的精度产生作用,评价结果必须要保证满足利用所需的精度。评价结果显示在2000-2017年间,多种土地利用类型都发生了改变;变化最大的为林地,在过去的14年期间增长了214.22%;变化最少的为农业用地;未利用地减少最为剧烈,较少了超过78%,这种改变是一种好的趋势,有利于社会经济的发展和减少土地资源的浪费。2.归仁市土地利用变化的驱动力与管理机制探讨:在对于归仁市土地利用变化驱动力的探讨过程中,我们既探讨了基本指标,也探讨了如交通、家庭、娱乐区域等具体指标。此外,我们还探讨了土地利用变化对当地居民的生活、社会经济和环境标准的作用。探讨归仁市的土地利用管理机制发现:地方的土地利用管理探讨主要依据2017年实施的土地法,随着平定省和归仁市土地法相关文件的颁布,主要是是为了使土地法适应地方发展。在此,我们也评估了归仁市在土地利用管理中存在的优点和困难。3.归仁市2025年的土地利用变化预测:根据城市的土地潜能、平定省在2017-2025年的社会经济发展计划预测土地利用变化和2025年城市化发展的方案和战略,因此规划归仁市在2017-2025年的阶段土地使用的计划是必须的。这些都是预测2025年归仁市的土地利用变化的基础。根据2025年和2040年土地利用问题的预测结果显示:到2025年,农业土地面积将从3286.89 ha减少到1796.72 ha(减少45.34%),林地面积将从14896.68 ha小幅下降到14395.70 ha(减少3.36%),水域面积将大幅下降,从2856.10 ha下降到985.27 ha(减少65.5%),未利用土地面积也将从1844.71ha显著降低到1436.46(降低22.13%),只有非农业用地将会增加,从5668.47 ha上升到9938.70 ha(75.33%)。当前城市和城市郊区都正在建设新城区,包括居民区和娱乐区域,都是为满足居民的生活水平达到城市化要求。比如河清江北部居民区和仁平居民区,胡富休闲公园和娱乐城,仁李区,富才工业区等典型地区。为发展这些地区,有必要转变不同土地类型的利用目的。沿着这个趋势,在未来将有许多不同土地类型被转变利用用途以满足地方建设的需求。4.归仁市土地利用的方法和定向:在这部分,我们依据2000-2017年的土地利用变化的认定、评估归仁市的土地管理状况,拟订归仁市到2025年的社会经济发展的方向,预测提出2040年土地利用的具体对策。各方法有利于土地利用和管理更合理,同时节省土地资源,也对土地环境保护有着重要影响。通过这个观点,依据收集来自国土部门的土地信息,以及运用地理信息系统的略论遥感图像数据和土地变化的地图编辑器,我们可以对一个具体地区的土地变化评估进行概括,随着时间的推移预测该地区未来的土地利用变化。这个观点还提出措施来确定和评估土地管理的效果以及对当地社会经济的作用,同时提出方案克服合理和可持续利用土地的限制。
【关键词】：土地利用变化 遥感 土地管理 管理机制
ABSTRACT11-14 摘要14-16 CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND16-23 1.1 Reason for the subject option16-17 1.2 Scientific and practical significance17-18 1.2.1 Scientific significance of the subject17 1.2.2 Practical significance of the subject17-18 1.3 Purposes and requirements of the subject18 1.3.1 Research purposes18 1.3.2 Requirements of the subject18 1.4 Research objects18-19 1.5 Research scope19 1.6 Research contents19-20 1.6.1 Theoretical foundation of land use change and mechanism of Land usemanagement19 1.6.2 Research on the conditions of nature, economy and society in Quy Nhon city19 1.6.3 Curent status of land use in Quy Nhon city19 1.6.4 Situation of land use changes of Quy Nhon city in the period of 2000 - 210419-20 1.6.5 Motivation of the process of land use changes and management mechanisms onland use in Quy Nhon city20 1.6.6 Forecast of land use changes and solutions and orientation to land use in QuyNhon City, Binh Dinh province20 1.7 Research Materials and Methods20-22 1.7.1 Test material20 1.7.2 Research Methods20-22 1.8 Technical route22 1.9 Sub-summary22-23 CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE23-50 2.1 The argument of the land use and land use changes23 2.1.1 The definition of land use23 2.1.2 Land use changes23 2.1.3 Assessment of land use changes23 2.2 Situation of Research on Land use changes in the world and Vietnam23-34 2.2.1 Situation of Research on Land use changes in the world23-26 2.2.2 Situation of Research on Land use changes in China26-28 2.2.3 Situation of Research on Land use changes in Vietnam28-34 2.3 Remote sensing technology in Research and monitoring of land use changes34-49 2.3.1 Overview of remote sensing34-37 2.3.2 Spectral characteristics of natural objects37-45 2.3.3 Some of the current satellite image systems45-49 2.4 sub-summary49-50 CHAPTER 3 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH AREA50-73 3.1 Natural condition50-55 3.1.1 Geographical location50-51 3.1.2 The topography, geomorphology51-52 3.1.3 Climate and weather52-53 3.1.4 Land Resources53 3.1.5 Hydrological Resources53-54 3.1.6 Landscape - Environment54-55 3.1.7 Mineral resources55 3.2 Social and economic conditions55-64 3.2.1 Population - labor - employment - income55-57 3.2.2 Infrastructure57-61 3.2.3 The situation of the service sector61 3.2.4 The situation of production in industry-construction61-63 3.2.5 The situation of Agricultural production63-64 3.3 General assessment on natural conditions, economic - social of Quy Nhon city64-66 3.3.1 Advantages64-65 3.3.2 Limitations and challenges65 3.3.3 Pressure on land65-66 3.4 An overview of the process of urbanization of Quy Nhon City66-72 3.4.1 The process of formation and development of Quy Nhon City66-68 3.4.2 The process of urbanization in Quy Nhon city before 199568-69 3.4.3 The process of urbanization in Quy Nhon city in the period of 1995-201769-71 3.4.4 The process of urbanization Quy Nhon city from 2017 to present71-72 3.5 Sub-Summary72-73 CHAPTER 4 CURRENT STATUS OF LAND USE IN QUY NHON CITY73-83 4.1 Current status of land use in Quy Nhon city73-79 4.1.1 Current status of agricultural land use74-76 4.1.2 Current status of Non-Agricultural land use (PNN)76-77 4.1.3 Current status of Water Surfaces land (SMN)77-78 4.1.4 Current status of unused land (CSD)78-79 4.2 General assessment of the current status of land use in Quy Nhon city79-82 4.2.1 Assessment for the effectiveness of economic, society and environment of land use79-80 4.2.2 The reasonableness of land use80-82 4.2.3 Restrictions in the land use82 4.2.4 Some solutions82 4.3 Sub - Summary82-83 CHAPTER 5 THE SITUATION OF LAND USE CHANGES IN QUY NHON CITYBINH DINH PROVINCE, VIET NAM IN THE PERIOD OF 2000-201783-109 5.1 Remote sensing images data for the research83-84 5.2 The process of identifying land use changes of Quy Nhon city84-86 5.3 Establishment of Land cover map of Quy Nhon city through periods86-96 5.3.1 Land cover86 5.3.2 Classification of land cover86-87 5.3.3 The sequence in mapping for land cover map in Quy Nhon city87-96 5.3.4 Establishment of map rate96 5.4 The situation of the land use changes of Quy Nhon city in 2000 - 2017 period96-108 5.4.1 GIS technology in the construction of land cover map of Quy Nhon city over manyperiods96-102 5.4.2 Land use changes of Quy Nhon City in 2000 – 2017 period102-108 5.5 Sub - Summary108-109 CHAPTER 6 MOTIVATION FOR PROCESS OF LAND USE CHANGES AND LANDUSE MANAGEMENT MECHANISM IN QUY NHON CITY109-128 6.0 Main causes leading land use changes in Quy Nhon City109-110 6.1 The specific motivations effect the fluctuations of land use purposes in Quy Nhon city110-113 6.2 Impacts of process of land use changes on socio - economic development in Quy NhonCity113-118 6.2.1 Economic impacts113-115 6.2.2 Social impacts115-117 6.2.3 Environmental impacts117-118 6.3 Land use management mechanism in Quy Nhon City118-126 6.3.1 Determination of administrative land boundary, establishment and management ofadministrative land boundary records and establishment of administrative map119 6.3.2 Situation of survey, measurement, evaluation, establishment of cadastral map, landuse status map and land use planning map119 6.3.3 Management of land allocation, land lease, land acquisition, conversion of landuse purpose119-120 6.3.4 Land statistic and inventory120 6.3.5 Financial management of land120 6.3.6 Inspection and examination of the compliance with the provisions of the law onland and handling of violations120-121 6.3.7 Settlement of land disputes, complaints and denunciations of violations in themanagement and use of land121-126 6.4 Sub - Summary126-128 CHAPTER 7 FORECAST OF LAND USE CHANGES AND ORIENTATIONS IN LANDUSE IN QUY NHON CITY128-146 7.1 Forecast of land use changes in Quy Nhon City by 2025128-134 7.1.1 Basis for forecasting land use changes for Quy Nhon City by 2025128-131 7.1.2 Forecast of land use changes for Quy Nhon city by 2025131-134 7.2 Bases for proposal solutions134-140 7.3 The macro solution groups140-142 7.3.1 Solution group in mechanisms and policies140-141 7.3.2 Solution group in land use141 7.3.3 Solution group in science, technology and engineering141 7.3.4 Solution group in protection, reclamation for land and environmental protection141-142 7.4 The specific solutions142-145 7.4.1 Promoting in attracting investment, development in industry and services142 7.4.2 Investment in upgrading infrastructure; urban development142 7.4.3 Improving the quality and efficiency of agricultural production associated withbuilding a new countryside142 7.4.4 Development of diversification in the areas of trade, services142-143 7.4.5 Improving the quality of education, training and vocational training143 7.4.6 Strengthening the application of science, technology, protection of natural resourcesand environment143 7.4.7 Building the healthy, rich and diverse environment of culture, information and sport.143-144 7.4.8 Improving the quality in protection and health care for people; quality of population, family and children144 7.4.9 Successful implementation of social policies, job creation, poverty reduction 134144 7.4.10 Strengthening national defense and security, maintaining political security, socialorder and safety144-145 7.5 Sub – Summary145-146 CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS146-150 8.1 Conclusions146-148 8.2 Recommendations148-150 REFERENCES150-165 PUBLICATIONS165-166 ACKNOWLEDMENTS166-167 ，越语论文网站，越语毕业论文 |
