摘 要
英语和法语是世界上使用最为广泛的两种国际语言，它们有着共同的拉丁语词源，又同属印欧语系，从古至今密切关联。而英语，作为包容性最强的语言，在以法国为中心的欧洲文化以及地理、历史的作用下，英语毕业论文，不断发展扩充，最终形成了完整的系统。据统计，在第三代韦氏大字典中，40%的英语词汇来自法语，另外，法语中一些常用的词根词缀及屈折变化也被英语吸收改造，与英语本身的构词模式搭配使用。当前的大量探讨都集中关注于英语法语语法结构的差异，而对英语中法源借词的研讨并不深刻，仅限于举例论述，并没有从词汇学角度在语言特性上深入略论。认识到这一探讨空缺，笔者通过查阅权威的罗贝尔法汉词典，牛津高阶英汉字典以及拉鲁斯英法法英字典等专著，分类收集了大量英语中的法语源词以供探讨。本文从文化历史角度引申，以词义，英语毕业论文，词形为切入点，探讨法源借词在发展过程中词义的扩大缩小，升格降格，词形的进化。
笔者希冀通过本文以一个新视角来呈现英语词汇中法语借词的演变规律，展示英语在与法语水乳交融作用下的发展方向，从而为学术界在二语词汇学方向上的探讨起到一个抛砖引玉的影响，并进一步促进跨文化交际和二语习得。
关键词：英语；法语；借词；词汇学
ABSTRACT
As the most widely used languages all over the World, English and French share the same etymology of Latin and also belong to Indo-European languages, hence they are closely related to each other since the ancient time. When it comes to English, being the most inclusive language, it keeps developing and expanding under the influence of the European culture predominated by France, geographically and historically, and finally formed its complete system. It is estimated that 40% of English vocabulary in Webster’s Third New International Dictionary are loaned from French, while other common roots and prefixes as well as inflections are absorbed and reformed in order to get accordance to English rules of word-formation. Today, a large number of articles and materials mainly focus on the similarities and differences of syntactic structures between the two languages, while the discussion on the loanwords from French has not reached a relatively deep level, which limits itself giving examples, without penetrating into the language characters from the perspective of lexicology. Therefore, inspired by the current condition, the author classified and collected myriads of French loanwords in English by referring to academic books including LE ROBERT , Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary，Larousse Dictionnaire Compact: Francais, Anglais/Anglais, Francais and so on. Moreover, this article draws from cultural and historical angle, takes a lexical angle to explore the extension and specialization, amelioration and weakening of meanings and the evolution of word-formation in the process of English development.
Not only does the author expect to present the evolution rules of French loanwords in a brand new perspective, but also to demonstrate the developing direction of English regarding the increased blending with French, thereby shedding some light on the lexicology-oriented researches in this respect and further accelerating cross-cultural communication and second language acquisition.
Key words: English; French; loanwords; lexicology
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