摘 要：阅读理解是四级考试的重要组成部分，针对独立学院学生英语基础较差的近况，在对他们进行阅读教学时可以运用一些语篇知识。训练其阅读技巧。本文主要从逻辑连接和语境这两个语篇因素来说明这一问题，希望能给阅读教学带来一些启示。 阅读理解作为四级考试中的主要组成部分，其分值(40分)是最高的。因此有人说阅读成绩在某种程度上决定了四级考试的总成绩。确实有一定道理。独立学院的学生普遍英语基础较差，词汇量少。语法基础也较薄弱，这两个因素直接作用着他们的阅读速度和对文章的理解程度。然而无论是词汇的积累还是语法的加强都是个漫长的过程。所以关于独立学院的学生来说，英语论文题目，掌握一定的阅读技巧尤为重要。在阅读教学中加入一些语篇知识，如句与句之间或段与段之间的逻辑联系、语境、语体风格、作者的观点态度等等，对独立学院的学生来说，一定大有裨益。本人通过总结自己在教学中的一些体会和经验。认为逻辑连接和语境这两个因素在学生的阅读过程中发挥了很大的影响。本文将主要从这两个方面来说明语篇在阅读教学中的意义。 一、逻辑连接对阅读教学的启示 语篇中的连接概念专指相邻句子(群)之间的连接联系。通过连接性词语的应用，人们可以了解句子之间的语义关系，甚至可以经前句从逻辑上预测后续句的语义。连接联系是通过连接词、一些具有连接意义的副词或词组实现的。Halliday和Hasan把连接分为四种类型：增补型(additive)、转折型(ad-versative)、原因型(causal)和时间型(temporal)。增补连接指语言使用者在说完第一句话后，意犹未尽，又补充了一些新的情况。这类词项包括and、further-more、in addition、plus等。表示转折连接联系的词项有but、yet、on the other hand、however等。表示因果联系的词项包括because、so、for this reason、con-sequently等。时间型连接表示篇章事件发生的时间联系，这类词项有formerly、first、second、then、next、inthe end等。 连接手段本身并不创造篇章的句子或命题联系，但它能使这些联系显性化。因此，在平时的阅读教学中，要注意培养学生对这些连接词的敏锐度。在阅读过程中，鼓励学生先找到这些连接词。然后根据其语义范畴确定句与句、段与段之间的联系，从而迅速的找出所需要的信息。例如，第三册第二单元的课文Iron and the Effects of Exercise的第四段： Iron deficiency is very common among women in general, affecting one in four female teenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. But the ratio is even greater among active women, affect-ing up to 80 percent of female endurance athletes. This means, Lyle says, that "too many women ignore the amount of iron they take in".Women of child-bearing age are at greatest risk, since their monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss.Plus,many heath-conscious women increase their risk by reject- ing red meat, which contains the most easily absorbedform of iron.And because women often restrict their diet in an effort to control weight,they may not con-sume enough iron-rich food, and are liable to experi-ence a deficiency. 这一段要说明的是女性缺铁的原因。学生通过发现plus和and这两个增补型连接词，就不难找出导致女性缺铁的几个原因。 同一册书的第六单元课文How to Prepare for Earthquakes也有这样一段： People would also like to be able to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes.After all,most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings. Therefore, building structures that can withstand the power of earthquakes is a major concern.Steel seems to be the best materi-al, but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure.Many new structures are built with a new type of steel joint,an I-joint,which appears to be the most durable type of joint.These joints of steel can move without breaking. Also, to prevent property damage,architects now design buildings so that the building's so that the building's columns and horizontal beams are of equal strength,and vertical support columns are inserted deep into solid soil.In addition,many new houses have relatively light roofs and strong walls.Concrete pillars for highway bridges that previously only had steel rods inside are now enclosed in steel. 此段的第一句话是全段的主题句。其后的部分为围绕这一主题句展开的三个细节。这三个细节正是由also和in addition这两个连接词衔接起来的。因而看到这两个连接词，整个段落的结构便已十分清晰。 在四级考试的阅读理解题中，英语论文题目，更是不乏这样的例子： 2017年6月第4篇 Social support cushions stress in a number ofways. First, …Second,…Third, we typically find so-cial companionship supportive.Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our socialneeds while at the same time distracting us from ourworries and troubles. Q:secial companionship is beneficial in that [A]it helps strengthen our ties with relatives [B]it enables us to eliminate our faults and mis-takes [C]it ma |
