Chapter One Introduction
语音英语，它代表着一种主语和谓语之间的语义联系是一个重要的语法范畴。传统的语法律家主张，一个句子时是活跃的主题是代理，而当它是被动的主题是病人和谓语具有“/ V-ed”的形式。这样的叙述采用两个标准，从语义和结构形式的角度。它是有效区分被动语态（以下简称PV），但是，它也很容易提供一种错觉，声音可以整齐地分为主动语态（简称为AV）和PV。其实，这是不适合英语语音的实际情况。例如，这样的句子：（1）车子开快。（2）那笔书写流畅。 （3）这本书销售以及将生产和广泛使用的，在英语中。上述句子的共同特点是，所有的受试者站在耐心等待，而所有谓词并不具备“/ V-ed”的标记。因此，在这里谈到了一个问题：他们主动或被动？传统的语法是不是能够给一个校正正确的解释。Voice is a significant grammatical category in English, which represents a kind ofsemantic relationship between Subject and Predicate. Traditional grammariansadvocate that a sentence is active when Subject is agent; while it is passive whenSubject is patient and Predicate possesses the form of “be/ V-ed”. This kind ofdescription adopts two standards from the perspectives of semantics and structuralform. It is effective to distinguish the passive voice (shortened as PV); however, italso easily provides a false impression that voice can be neatly divided into activevoice (shortened as AV) and PV. Actually, this is not fit for the actual situation ofEnglish Voice. For instance, sentences like (1) This car drives fast. (2) That pen writessmoothly. (3) The book sells well will be produced and widely used in English. Thecommon characteristic of the above sentences is that all the subjects stand for patientwhile all the predicates do not possess the marks of “be/ V-ed”. Hence here comes aquestion: are they active or passive? Traditional grammar is not able to give a corrector proper explanation.
在这种情况下，另一种声音，中间的声音（简称MV）被引入来解释这种语言现象。凯泽Roeper（1984）标签上述三个句子中间生成框架建设。然而在这种类型的结构，利息未启动由凯泽＆Roeper。据赫温盅（2017年，第7页），它可以追溯到甜（1891年）。从那时起，各种术语，如主动 - 被动（耶斯佩森，1949），中的语音（Klaiman，1992），passival（维瑟，1963年至1973年），的状语被动（帕尔默，1988），伪的不及物动词（Huddleson，1971年）德尔梅迪奥被动（斯克，1993），伪被动（帕尔默，1988），和中间结构（凯泽Roeper，1984）被许多学者所采纳。这些条款反映语法暧昧的中间结构结构。 （1991年，1995年罗斯塔Klaiman）已被采纳这一现象在thestudy。近年来，英语论文，相当多的略论和探讨的MV进行许多语言学家和学者。国外一些学者像罗伯茨（1987年），费根（1988年，1992年），岩田聪（1999年）的功能，生成机制和MV等问题，进行了严重的辩论。国内许多学者，如韩井泉（2017年），赫温众（2017年b，A，英语论文题目，2017B，2017年c），徐盛桓（2017年），也做了一些探讨的形成和定义的MV。Under such circumstances, another kind of voice, middle voice (shortened as MV)was introduced to construe this linguistic phenomenon. Keyser & Roeper (1984)labels the above three sentences as middle construction in generative framework.However, the interest in this type of constructions was not initiated by Keyser ＆Roeper. According to He Wenzhong (2017, p. 7), it can be traced back to Sweet(1891). Ever since then, various terminologies such as active-passive (Jespersen,1949), middle voice (Klaiman, 1992), passival (Visser, 1963-73), adverbial passive(Palmer, 1988), pseudo-intransitives (Huddleson, 1971), medio-passive (Trask, 1993),pseudo-passive (Palmer, 1988), and middle construction (Keyser & Roeper, 1984) areadopted by many scholars. These terms reflect the syntactically ambiguous structureof the middle construction. (Klaiman 1991, Rosta 1995) have been adopted in thestudy of this phenomenon. In recent years, quite a few analyses of and researches onMV are conducted by many linguists and scholars. Some foreign scholars like Roberts (1987), Fagan (1988, 1992), Iwata (1999), conducted severe debates on the features,generative mechanism and other issues of MV. Many domestic scholars, such as HanJingquan (2017), He Wenzhong (2017b, 2017a, 2017b, 2017c), Xu Shenghuan (2017),have also done a number of researches on the formation and definition of MV.
Generally speaking, previous studies on English middle voice construction(shortened as EM
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