但在英文和中文，但两个比较话语标记的结论（是）比较探讨，当前的探讨支持的关联 - 顺应理论观点对这种语言现象的解释合理，比较话语标记语言的使用是务实的约束，认知内驱力双重结果。
Chapter One Introduction引言
1.1 Background of the Study探讨背景
作为一个功能相关的组表达式（Schourup1999），话语标记（以下简称DMS）在日常通信上被广泛应用。虽然在有关术语上仍会出现有没有达成共识问题，英语毕业论文，但是许多学者（Schiffrin--1987年；弗雷泽--1996年；布莱克莫尔--2017年；Liao-1992年;Ran2017年_LV2017年）已经在的DMS的基本特征上达成了共识：
As a functionally related group of expressions (Schourup 1999), discourse markers(henceforth DMs) are extensively used in daily communications. Although there is still noconsensus emerged regarding the terminology of DMs, many scholars (Schiffrin 1987;Fraser 1996; Blakemore 2017; Liao 1992; Ran 2017b; Lv 2017) have reached agreementabout some of the fundamental characteristics of DMs: they are used to relate utterances orother discourse units, their role in the sentences are operational since they do not affect thetruth-conditions of a sentence, and more often than not, they occur initially in a sentence tointroduce the discourse segment they mark. The following sentences containing DMs arelisted as examples to demonstrate the characteristics of DMs mentioned above:(1) a. I want to go to the movies. After all, it's my birthday.b. I'm not going to live with you anymore, since I can't stand your cooking.c. Take a bath right away, because we have to get going.（Fraser 1999: 949）(2) I thought of families I had met who were struggling to get by without a loved one’sfull income, or whose loved ones had returned with a limb missing or nervesshattered, but still lacked long-term health benefits because they were reservists.（Leanne 2017: 9）As shown in those examples, the elusiveness of the meaning of DMs as well as theuniqueness in terms of their functions bring DMs into the forefront of pragmatic research,making them a subject of growing scholarly interest over the last two decades. Althoughtentative researches have been done to identify the properties of discourse markers, to whatextent the results of those researches can be applied is a problem awaiting further research.Therefore, many scholars (Fraser 1999; Schourup 1999; Ran 2017b) suggest that comparingdiscourse markers across languages is an issue which is of the most immediate importanceto be addressed.
1.2 General Description of the Study探讨的总体描述
By employing a corpus-based approach, the present study intends to present acontrastive study between English and Chinese by focusing the use of BUT and DAN(SHI),the reasons behind these similarities and differences will also be explored from anAdaptation-relevance perspective.To be specific, the present study intends to address the following questions:(1) How are BUT and DAN(SHI)①generally used in spoken and written texts?Where do they usually occur in a sentence? What do they often co-occur? Whatkind of semantic meanings do they convey when used in texts? What kind ofpragmatic functions do they play in different contexts?(2) What are the similarities and differences between the use of BUT and DAN(SHI)?Do they occur in the same place in a sentence? To what extent their semanticmeanings are similar or distinct from each other? Do they play similar or differentpragmatic functions?(3) Why are there similarities and differences between the use of BUT and DAN(SHI)?What are those factors influencing the use of BUT and DAN(SHI)? Are theylinguisti，英语论文范文
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