Chapter I Introduction
1.1 The Background
After Haris and Mitchell made a systematic research about the organization ofconversation, there had been large numbers of linguists who investigatedconversations, and American sociologists H.Sacks, Schegloff and G.Jefferson are themost famous linguists who casted researches about discourse analysis. Since 1970s,Sacks and other linguists generalized some rules that dominated various discoursesbased on the analysis of large numbers of authentic recording of daily conversations.In 1974, those three linguists publicized an essay entitled A Simplest Systematic forthe Organization of Turn-taking for Conversation and they put forward the theoreticalframe and the basic principles of the speech act theory. They stated that the basic unitof a discourse is a turn and Sacks also pointed out that the participants of aconversation may turn to some strategies to take control of the turn. The turn-controlstrategies can be classified into three subtypes: turn-yielding strategies, turn-claimingstrategies and turn-holding strategies. The turn-yielding strategies include apparentpause, repetition, concluding, slowing down and selecting the next speaker; theturn-claiming strategies include predicting the length of the speech and connecting thesentences together with certain words or phrases; the turn-holding strategies includeself-selection, other-selection, agreement, assistance, clarification, disagreement,disinterest and tangentialization. This categorization is one of the foundations of thisresearch.
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1.2 The Significances
There is no doubt that teachers’ language cast great influence on students in thattheir language is the major source of students’ output of the target language. Students,with intention or without intention, imitate teachers’ behaviors and words, so aproficient teacher usually has excellent students. Therefore, theoretical researchesabout teachers’ language are extremely important since they provide methods of howto improve the effectiveness of teaching activities. Moreover, teachers are required toadopt certain turn-taking strategies to take control over the progress of the whole class,so that students can learn following specific steps. As a result, there is no doubt thatresearches about teachers’ turn-taking strategies are significant to supply suggestionsfor teachers, especially those in college.Besides, the results of this research may also reveal the disadvantages andproblems in college English teachers’ speech, thus other teachers can get clues abouthow to avoid those problems.
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Chapter II Literature Review
2.1 Discourse Analysis
Discourse Analysis is a branch of Sociolinguistics (others regards it as a branchof pragmatics), which investigates various conversations in order to reveal the rulesdominating them. Discourse refers to the linguistic exchanges of ideas, information,etc. and discourse analysis focuses on certain situations. “Strictly speaking, discourseanalysis can be traced back to 1960s in California, America, with Harvey Sacks andEmanuel Schegloff being the pioneers. Sacks and Schegloff conducted investigationson transcripts of conversations on telephone lines and made great efforts tosummarize the rules of conversations”( Yu Guodong 2017). Beside ，英语论文题目，英语论文题目
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