三国时期是中国历史上最混乱，最戏剧性的时期之一。三国演义记载，选择了汉末的纪录为三国时期的正式历史，这是违反了中国传统的历史写作，但必要的，由于这些事件导致的后果。到那时，在汉代王朝的统治失去控制后，数百名军阀和地方官员，英语论文范文，从原来的立场上升，并试图用武力夺取了整个国家的控制。然而，根深蒂固的忠诚思想阻碍军阀驱逐汉皇，英语论文网站，这篇文章主要介绍，在西汉前期混乱时期的军阀统治斗争。
The Three Kingdoms period was one of the most chaotic and dramatic times in Chinese history. The Records of Three Kingdoms, the officially recognized history of the Three Kingdoms period, chose the late Han Dynasty as the beginning of the record, which is in violation of the traditional history writing of China , but was necessary due to the consequences led by those incidents. By then, after the loss of control of the Han Dynasty imperial government of the country, hundreds of warlords and provincial officials rose from their original positions and tried to take control of the whole country by force. However, the deeply rooted thoughts of loyalty hinder the warlords from banishing the Han emperor and declared emperor themselves. In the early period of the late Han Dynasty chaos, several warlords who attempted to do so were fought by all other powerful warlords. The first one was Dong Zhuo, who took control of the capital in 189 AD and captured the emperor for five years. As a northeast warlord, Dong Zhuo was objected by eighteen other warlords in total, who launched a grand battle against him in 190 AD. After Dong Zhou was killed by the ministers in the capital, Cao Cao, a famous warlord in northern China, took control of the Han emperor and escorted him to Xudu, as the new capital of the empire. Cao Cao was later appointed the Prime Minister of the emperor and seized real power of the state, and he began his war of unification of whole China. In 207, Cao Cao reunified the northern China and was determined to eliminate all the warlords in southern China. But he was defeated in Red Cliff by the united forces of Sun Quan (the warlord of Jiangdong, southeastern China) and Liu Bei (one of the few descendants of the Han royal family). After the battle of Red Cliff, Cao Cao returned to north and was never able to reunite the south again; Liu Bei seized control of southwestern China and established a country of his own; Sun Quan kept his position in Jiangdong and later established his own regime. By 220 AD, Cao Cao’s son, Cao Pi, banished the last emperor of Han Dynasty and declared himself the emperor of northern China. By then, the partial unification of China was completed, and the situation of three kingdoms was established.
All three countries wanted to reunify the whole China during their regime. Shu, the country established by Liu Bei, was the most active of all for Liu Bei himself was a descendant of the royal family. The Chinese people took reputation and family roots very seriously, especially when it comes to politics. Therefore, Liu Bei believed that as a member of the royal family, his destination was to destroy Cao Cao’s regime in the north and bring Han Dynasty back to rule over China. In order to achieve the destination, Liu Bei carried out the policy of his Prime Minister, Zhuge Liang, to remain friendly with Sun Quan while sparing no efforts attacking Cao Cao to resotre Han regime. In the beginning, the two regimes collaborated well to fight Cao Cao in Red Cliff, burying his dream of reunifying China under his name; and Liu Bei married Sun Quan’s sister as a friendly symbol of the coalition of the two forces. However, things turned south when both sides concerned greatly about Jinzhou—a place of great strategic value and prosperity. Before Zhuge Liang served Liu Bei, he told Liu Bei that Jinzhou was so important that capturing the place would enable Liu Bei to possess great advantages against Sun Quan and Cao Cao . If Jinzhou was to be captured by Liu Bei, he could go direct into northern China and capture the capital to eliminate Cao Cao and then rule over Sun Quan. By the time Zhuge Liang raised the importance of Jinzhou, it was in the hand of Liu Bei’s cousin Liu Biao; but Liu Bei, minding the relationship of the family, refused to take Jinzhou as his own. Later, Cao Cao and Sun Quan captured Jinzhou separately, then it was “lent” to Liu Bei by Sun Quan as a sign of friendship between two forces; yet after Liu Bei captured the land of Shu (Sichuan of modern China), he didn’t want to give it back and sent his brother, Guan Yu to defend the place. However, due to the overwhelming pride of Guan Yu and his despise of Sun Quan, he was defeated and killed by the united forces of Cao Cao and Sun Quan, and Jinzhou was recaptured by Sun Quan.
The loss of Jinzhou overturned Zhuge Liang’s assumption of China’s situation, one of the most important rings of his plan of restoring the Han Dynasty failed. Still, Zhuge Liang believed that if he could continue his plans of collaborating with Sun Quan to fight against Cao Cao, the reunification was not doomed to fail. But Liu Bei, having lost his brother Guan Yu to Sun Quan, was determined to avenge for him. Therefore, he lost his opportunity of attacking the then unstable Wei and restore Han once and for all . In 221 AD, Liu Bei declared himself the new emperor of Han Dynasty when he heard that Han Xiandi, the last emperor, was killed . In order to do so, Liu Bei launched a massive attack on Sun Quan in 222 AD, but was defeated by Sun Quan’s son-in-law, general Lu Xun in Yiling, a border city between Shu and Wu. After which, Liu Bei lost Jinzhou forever, and he lost all the elite forces of the country; thus, the plan for reunification has been lost and Liu Bei died out of the desperation of unable to restore the Han Dynasty. The task was given to Zhuge Liang, as both the Prime Minister and chief in command of Shu’s army, to carry out all the main attacks against the north and restore relations with Sun Quan’s Wu.
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