| 本文研究汉语中N1被N2VP和N1让N2VP两种格局表达主动意义时的句法语义对峙及其成因。普通以为，汉语表达主动关系的“被”和“让”根本功效雷同，可以交换；然则我们发明年夜量说话现实其实不支撑这个结论。文章第一部门在回想并检查了以往主动句研究的两个核心成绩及相干争辩中所折射出的分歧说话不雅以后，起首从语料的归类和统计动手，发明并分类描述了作用 N1被/让 N2VP 格局中“被”和“让”运用的句法语义身分，包含五个方面N1、N2的性命度义级和分列次序；VP 的语义类型；VP 前后的时光、神态、时体等成份；构造入句后所完成的句法功效；构造所处的分歧句式和句类。尔后的第二部门在整合评价后人对“被”和“让”用时研究的基本上，对“被”和“让”的语法化过程分离做了新的构拟，指出“被”和“让”在语法化为主动标志的进程中，均产生过语法构造的从新剖析。同时，这类从新剖析与汉语史上时体领域的发生亲密相干；所分歧的是，“被”的语法化只转变了被字构造的句法条理，“被”字表达的焦点语义根本未变；让字构造产生从新剖析的动因有三，个中句子表达的事宜已然照样已然是决议“让”字句凸显主动义照样凸显使役义的症结身分。最初，文章以跨说话研究中具有广泛意义的有界无界景象和及物性实际为配景，联合两者的用时成长，对第一部门所描述的各类情势对峙做了归纳综合的和同一的说明，法语论文范文，并进一步得出结论“让”与高及物性绝对应；“被”与低及物性绝对应。 Abstract: In this paper, we study the syntactic and semantic confrontation between N2VP and N1 in Chinese and their causes in the active meaning of and N1 in N2VP. It is generally believed that the "being" and "let" of active relations in Chinese can be similar and can be exchanged, but we will not support this conclusion by the fact that we will be able to speak for the next year. In the first section of the recall and check the previous active sentence of the two core issues and the coherent debate of the different speech, first from the corpus classification and statistical work, the invention and classification describes the impact of N1 / let N2VP pattern "be" and "let" the application of syntactic semantic elements, including five aspects N2, VP semantic type; VP before and after the time, expression, body and other ingredients; structure of the differences in sentence and sentence type. After the integration of the second departments in the evaluation of "being" and "let" when the study of the basic, "was" and "let" of the process of separation of the new structure to be made, and "let" in the process of grammar as the active sign, have produced a new analysis of the syntax structure. At the same time, this class from the analysis of the new and the history of Chinese language in the field occurrence is closely related to the; differences, grammaticalization of "be" has only changed word structure of syntactic structured, "was" the word expression of semantic focus fundamentally unchanged; let word structure generated from the analysis of the new motivation has three, sentence medium matters already still is already resolution "let" sentence highlight the active meaning still highlights the crux of the causative factors. At first, the article talks about a wide range of significance in the study of bounded unbounded scene and the actual situation of the combination of the two, the first section describes the various forms of confrontation to do a comprehensive and the same explanation, and further concluded that "let" and high physical sex should be absolutely; "being" and low and physical sex should be absolutely. 目录: §0 引言 7-8 §1 被动句探讨的历史回顾和近况 8-12 1.1 主要成果及探讨重点 8 1.2 争论的焦点问题 8-9 1.3 语言观 9-10 1.4 有标记的被动句 10-12 §2 本文的探讨目的和措施 12-15 2.1 探讨范围和任务 12 2.2 连续观和操作措施 12-13 2.3 语料 13 2.4 需要特别说明的两个问题 13-14 2.5 主要成果 14-15 §3 “被”和“让”句法分布的对立 15-18 3.1 此前已描写过的对立 15 3.2 更多的对立表现 15-17 3.3 本文的描写程序 17-18 §4 被动结构里的NP 18-23 4.1 N1N2的生命度类别 18-21 4.2 非施事N2 21-22 4.3 非受事N1 22-23 §5 被动结构里的VP 23-34 5.1 为∕作∕成类动词 23-24 5.2 心理动词 24-26 5.3 VP前的时间成分和否定成分 26-29 5.4 VP前的情态语义成分 29-31 5.5 VP后的时体成分：VP着/VP了/呢/句子的其他时体表现 31-34 §6 被字结构的入句功能 34-43 6.1 主宾语 34-35 6.2 作定语 35 6.3 被字结构表原因 35-37 6.4 连动结构 37-38 6.5 句式与句类的作用 38-43 §7 被和让的历时发展轨迹 43-55 7.1 共时现象的历时解释 43-44 7.2 语义重心后移与“被”的语法化 44-50 7.2.1 语义源 44 7.2.2 “被”的语法性质 44-45 7.2.3 “被”的语义连续性 45 7.2.4 已取得的成果 45-46 7.2.5 目前对“被”语法化途径的构拟 46-47 7.2.6 构拟的整合与深化 47-50 7.3 时体范畴的产生与“让”在使役－被动结构里的分化 50-55 7.3.1 共时系统中的语义梯度是历时语义淡化和转移的见证 50 7.3.2 语义强度不同的各义项的一个核心 50-51 7.3.3 让表被动历时探讨的成果 51-52 7.3.4 对现有成果的评述 52-55 §8 结论和余论 55-62 8.1 共时对立的语义总结 55-57 8.2 历时发展的作用 57-58 8.3 被让对立的及物性解释 58-62 参考文献 62-66 附录 66-67 Table of contents 67-68 后记 68 |
