随着外语教学探讨的不断深入,母语对外语学习的作用越来越受到广泛重视。就俄语学习而言,学习者在学习俄语时,母语(汉语)的语言系统早已形成,而这个系统势必会对俄语学习造成作用,这种作用就是语言迁移。语言迁移有怎样的规律、对外语学习产生什么样的作用、在外语教学中如何利用正迁移,防止负迁移,这些都是外语教师必须面对和解决的问题。俄语和汉语属于不同的语系,差别较大。由于这些差别的作用,在俄语学习过程中会产生大量的语言负迁移,对学习造成严重的阻碍。本文就是针对负迁移这个问题,在对俄语和汉语两种语言作全面对比的基础上,找出负迁移产生的范畴及对俄语学习的作用,依据语言迁移理论研讨促进俄语教学实践的策略。本文共分三个部分:第一部分为语言迁移理论及其发展过程。阐述了语言迁移的概念、表现形式,以及语言迁移理论的发展过程,对语言迁移理论做系统的介绍。第二部分为母语对俄语学习的负迁移范畴及其作用。该部分对俄语和汉语进行详细对比,从语音层面、语法层面、词汇层面分别阐述汉语对俄语学习的负迁移范畴及作用。第三部分为语言迁移理论在俄语教学中的运用。在对作用俄语学习的负迁移范畴进行略论和探讨的基础上,结合大学俄语教学的实际情况,分别就整体教学中俄、汉语异同对比问题和纠错问题,以及语音、语法、词汇这三个相对独立的教学环节提出几点具体的教学策略,力求使母语负迁移的作用降为最小。本文之所以总结在俄语学习过程中易产生母语负迁移的范畴,并针对这些范畴提出相应的教学策略,目的在于使俄语教学更加人性化,使学习者在学习中少走弯路,使教师在教学中更有效的利用教学策略,减少母语负迁移对学习者的作用。
With the development of research in foreign language teaching, more and more attention has been paid to the impact of native language upon foreign language learning. For Russian learners, as the system of native language has long been established, it keeps an impact on their Russian learning, which can be regarded as language transfer. The rule of language transfer and its impact on foreign language learning are problems for foreign language teachers to master, in order to make use of positive transfer and avoid negative transfer.Russian and Chinese are of different language families. Due to differences between the two, there will be a lot of negative transfer, which will hinder learner’s Russian learning. Bearing the phenomenon of negative transfer in mind, based on a comprehensive comparison between Chinese and Russian, the author intends to find the field where negative transfer takes place and its impact on learning. Also the author uses the theory of language transfer to promote Russian teaching strategies. There will be three sections in this dissertation.The first section introduces the theory of language transfer, which includes its definition, its form and its development.The second section concerns the field where native language has impact on foreign language learning and its consequences. Based on comparisons between Chinese and Russian, from aspects of phonology, grammar and lexis, the author illustrates how transfer takes place and its influences.The third section is about the application of theory of language transfer in Russian teaching. Based on findings in the previous section, the author puts forward effective teaching strategies concerning phonology, grammar and lexis, aiming to reduce negative transfer to the minimum.In the light of the theory of language transfer, the author summarizes the differences between Chinese and Russian from aspects of phonology, grammar and lexis, points out the field where negative transfer is liable to occur and finally proposes effective teaching ，俄语论文网站，俄语论文网站 |
