语言是一种社会现象,它随着社会的发展而发展,随着社会的变化而变化,各种语言的发展变化都有一个共同的趋势,即“简化趋势”或“经济趋势”。人们使用语言总是要遵循经济准则,在交际中,力求用少量的语言传达尽可能多的意义,俄语也是如此。语言学家对经济准则的探讨是多角度的。学者们从不同角度探讨的经济准则反映出的思想主要体现在“省力”方面,认为省力的就是简单的,就是经济的,围绕着“省力”这一准则,语言学家们对语音,构词,词汇,句法等方面的经济现象作了大量的探讨,对我们更好地认识和掌握语言起到了重要的影响。 然而,应该看到,语言学界对经济现象的探讨还多停留在语言的静态层面,对语言在使用的动态过程中所体现出的经济现象关注不够,忽视了语用层面上的经济现象。同时,学者们对经济准则的概括还只是从形式角度出发的,而忽视了言语的功能。我们赞同学者们把经济归为省力的思想,但同时认为,省力不仅包括语言在形式上的省略,即语词的缩减,句子的简化等现象,还包括语言在功能上的效用最大化,即一句话所能体现出的多层涵义。本论文以此为出发点,在前人探讨的基础上,立足于口语层面,对经济准则的界定,表现方面和制约因素等方面做些探讨与探究,提出了显性经济现象和隐性经济现象的概念,把间接言语行为纳为经济现象的一种,并尝试列举了几种常见的属于隐性经济现象的句子,从而把语言中经济现象的探讨从静态的语音,语法层面扩展到了动态的语用层面,做到了动静结合,这是本文的重点。 全文共分五部分 一、经济准则概念的提出及其发展 对语言学家从不同角度探讨的经济准则进行总结,概括了人们在言语交际中遵循经 济准则的原因,并把本文的探讨立足于口语层面,指出本文探讨重点。 二、经济准则的表现手段和具体体现 指出,言语中的经济准则体现为大量经济现象的出现,区分出了“显性经济 现象”和“隐性经济现象”,并分别就其在语言学科中的表现进行了论述。 三、经济现象的制约因素 指出各种经济现象的产生和理解离不开语境因素的制约,语境是语言中经济准则存 在的必要条件。 四、经济现象的推理过程 论述怎样结合语境,通过推理过程来理解各种经济现象。 五、结论 指出探讨经济准则的意义。
The language is a kind of social phenomenon, it develops with development of the society, and changes with change of the society, the development and change of different languages have a common trend, namely $apos;$simplify trend $apos;$ or $apos;$economic trend $apos;$, people always follow the economic principle in using languages, in communication, make every effort to transmit the meanings as much as possible with a small amount of language, Russian is like this too. Linguist’s study on economic principle is from many angles. The thought that the economic principles studied from different angles of scholars mainly reflects in $apos;$saving effort$apos;$. Thinking what saved effort is simple and economic, around the principle $apos;$saving effort $apos;$, the linguists do a large amount of research on the economic phenomena of the pronunciation, word-building, the vocabulary and grammar etc, which plays an important role to help us know better and master the language. However, we should see, the study on economic phenomenon of educational circles of language still more stays on the static aspect of the language, People does not pay enough attention to economic phenomenon, which embodied while people used the language dynamic process, have ignored the economic phenomenon that the language uses on the aspect. Meanwhile, scholars just generalize the economic principle proceed from form angle, and has ignored the function of the speech, it is the thought of saving effort that we agree to the scholars and belong to economy, thinking meanwhile, saving effort does not merely include the omission in form of languages, namely the reduction of the words and phrases , the simplify of the sentence etc, including the utility maximizing as for the function of language, namely the multi-layer meaning that a word can be embodied. This thesis regards this as the starting point, on the basis of the thing that forefathers studied, based on the spoken aspect, I do some study and explore to the definition of the economic principle, display respect and restriction factor ,etc, put forward the concept of dominance economic phenomenon and the recessive economic phenomenon, sum up the behavior of the indirect speech as one kind of the economic phenomenon, and try to enumerate several kinds of common sentences which belong to the recessive economic phenomenon, thus I expand the research of language economic phenomenon from static pronunciation, grammar aspect to the dynamic language use aspect, and make combination of static and dynamic , this is a focal point of this text. The full text is divided into five parts altogether First, proposition and development of the economic principle concept. I summarized the economic principle that the linguist study from different angles and the reason following the economic principle in speech communication. Based on the research of the spoken aspect, I pointed out the text focal point. Second, Economic principle behavior means and reflecting concretely. I should point out, the role in speech of the economic principle displays in a large number of appearances of economic phenomenon, distinguish out $apos;$dominance economic phenomenon$apos;$ and $apos;$recessive economic phenomenon$apos;$, and describe on its behavior in discipline of the language respectively. Third, the restriction factor of the economic phenomenon. That pointing out the production and understanding of various kinds of economic phenomena are due to the restriction of context factor, the context is essential terms that the economic principle existing in the language Fourth, reasoning process of the economic phenomenon. Describing the fact how to combine the context and understanding various kinds of economic phenomena through the reasoning process Fifth, conclusion. Pointing out the meaning to study economic principle ，俄语论文网站，俄语毕业论文 |
