名称是20世纪30年代继术语之后被划分出的又一专业词汇单位类型,其重要性仅次于术语。名称在生产、生活中具有重要的影响,人们通过名称了解事物的特点、性质等。很多中外学者早已对名称问题开始探讨并取得一定成果,但是目前人们对名称的特点,个性还不甚了解,探讨名称问题依然是非常必要和紧迫的。本文首先对汉语和俄语中名称的定义进行梳理,介绍了术语学家对名称不同划分的观点、认识以及名称和术语的关系。其次以俄语和汉语中的技术名称、非技术名称为例,对比略论两种语言中名称的构成特点及理据性,从中总结俄汉语技术名称、非技术名称的命名规则、命名的差异点,例如,俄汉语技术名称的构成部分都有字母、数字、符号,且字母一般为名称中术语部分的缩略形式,但从构成的语种、形式、符号来讲,俄语技术名称和汉语技术名称相比较为统一;和俄汉语技术名称相比较,非技术名称中出现完整单词形式的几率更高;具有国际通用语言领域的名称相同程度更高,如拉丁语是国际医学领域的通用语言,故俄、汉语疾病名称的理据意义具有很强的相似性等。最后略论目前一些名称,如:技术、药品名称非规范使用的近况和后果,尝试提出统一规范名称的建议和解决办法。
Following after the term, nomen was divided into specialized vocabulary in the thirties of the 20th century, and its importance takes second only after terms. Nomen plays an important role in life and production; people learn characteristics, properties of things by nomen. Many Chinese and foreign scholars have already begun to study the issue of the nomen, but people have not yet clearly known the characteristics and personality of nomen, studying on nomen is still very necessary and urgent.This paper tries to contrast constitution and motivation characteristics of russian and chinese nomen in the technical and non-technical field, summarize nomen’s constituent rules, similarities and differences of russian and chinese technical nomen and non-technical nomen, analyze present disordered situation of some nomen, such as: technical nomen, drug nomen etc. Finally, tries to put forward the suggestions and method to solve the problem. ，俄语论文范文，俄语论文网站 |
