| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，俄语专业论文，下载原文正常，俄语论文范文，内容请直接查看目录。） 17世纪中期,在沙皇的支撑下牧首尼康对俄国东正教会停止了改造,改造包含经籍修订和典礼变革两个方面。沙皇当局在全国规模内强迫履行改造,激发了社会各个阶级的否决。官方教会把尼康改造的否决者称为“决裂派”,而他们自称“旧礼节派”。旧礼节派发生后,构成了本身的教义、风俗和忌讳,坚持着罗斯的陈旧崇奉典礼,穿戴传统服装。当局的反抗和榨取使他们流亡到俄国的遥远地域,乃至国外。他们所处的地舆情况和政治位置使他们转向了运营工贸易。靠着配合的崇奉和强无力的社团组织,旧礼节派工贸易范围逐步扩展,获得伟大的经济造诣,对俄国近代本钱主义经济的成长发生了深远的作用。另外,旧礼节派还对俄国的教导文明事业、慈悲事业发生了主要作用,与1917年反动也有亲密关系。第一部门俄国旧礼节派的发生这一部门重要阐述的是旧礼节派发生的配景和发生早期的情形,共有两个末节：牧首尼康改造；反改造奋斗与旧礼节派的发生。17世纪中期,牧首尼康在沙皇的支撑下对俄国教会停止改造。改造损坏了古罗斯的崇奉和传统风俗,激起了俄罗斯人的平易近族情感,是以很多平易近众都否决尼康改造。很快这些平易近众在年夜司祭阿瓦库姆的引导下,构成了一个奇特的平易近间教派--旧礼节派。旧礼节派动员了一系列反改造奋斗,个中最有作用力的是1668—1676年的索洛维茨基修道院起义和1682年的霍万斯基政变。第二部门俄国旧礼节派的教义、流派与演化这一部门重要有三个内容：旧礼节派的教义与忌讳,旧礼节派的教派分化和旧礼节派的演化。旧礼节派的根本教义是敌基督实际和世界季世论。在教义的作用和当局的反抗下,旧礼节派作出了两种反响：自焚和流亡。旧礼节派在成长中还构成了本身的忌讳和风俗,如服装、饮食习气和生涯措施等。因为对神父成绩的熟悉分歧,旧礼节逐步分化为认可神父的教堂派和不认可神父的反教堂派。教堂派和反教堂派又分离分化为很多小流派。面临“旧礼节派”这个平易近间教派,历代沙皇当局采用了分歧的宗教政策,旧礼节派的人数也随之产生着变更。第三部门俄国旧礼节派的作用这一部门重要有旧礼节派对俄国经济的作用和旧礼节派对俄国社会的作用两个方面的内容。俄国旧礼节派为了本身的生计不能不开端运营贸易,而且依附配合的崇奉和社团组织获得了伟大造诣,对俄国近代本钱主义经济发生了主要的作用。旧礼节派在演化进程中,异常看重本身的教导成绩,他们的教导形式对俄国的近代教导发生了作用,奇特的常识份子集团则将旧礼节派文明保存了上去。充裕的旧礼节派商人还积极出资赞助俄国的医疗、救援和艺术事业,为俄国的慈悲事业作出了伟大进献。还有一部门有名的旧礼节派引导人与1917年反动有亲密的关系。停止语部门是对俄国旧礼节派现状的剖析和汗青位置的评价。受沙皇当局危害和1917年反动的作用,今朝旧礼节派活着界各地都有散布。固然现在旧礼节派的情形不克不及与官方东正教会对抗,但作为平易近间教派,仍然有很年夜的作用力。旧礼节派为俄国的经济、教导文明和慈悲事业等方面作出了伟大进献,推进了俄国社会的成长。旧礼节派曾经成为我们熟悉俄国文明,懂得俄国的一个窗口。 Abstract: In the middle of the 17th century, under the support of the Tsar patriarch Nikon of the Russian Orthodox Church stop the transformation, the transformation consists of two aspects: classics revision and ceremonial innovations. In the national scale, the authority of the Russian authorities forced the reform to stimulate the rejection of the various classes of society. The official Church of the Nikon transformation of the veto is called "break", and they call themselves "old school etiquette". Old rituals sent after the occurrence of, constitute the own teachings, customs and taboos, insist on Ross's old worship ceremony, wearing traditional costumes. The resistance and squeeze them into exile to the distant region of Russia, and abroad. The geographical situation and political position of them turned to the operation of trade and industry. By common beliefs and powerful organizations, the old ceremony sent trade scope gradually expanded, obtain great economic achievements and far-reaching influence on Russian modern capitalist economy growth. In addition, the old etiquette school also on the teachings of the cause of civilization, the cause of mercy, the cause of the main impact, and in 1917 the reaction also has a close relationship. First Department of old Russia etiquette school sector of the exposition is old ceremony to send the background and the occurrence of early, a total of two distal: patriarch Nikon transformation; anti reform struggle and old rituals camp. In the middle of seventeenth Century, the first Nikon in the Russian church, under the support of the Russian church to stop the transformation of the Russian church. Retrofit of a damaged the ancient Ross's beliefs and traditional customs, aroused the Russian ethnic emotions, to a lot of plain public would have rejected the Nikon transformation. Soon these plain nearly all in Nianye priest AVA Qom guide, constitute the send a peculiar plain near the inter sectarian -- old rituals. The old etiquette faction has mobilized a number of anti - reform efforts, one of the most influential in the 1668 - 1676 Alfonso Lowitz Ki monastery uprising and the 1682 Ho Vance Ki coup. The second part of the Russian old etiquette school of teaching, the school and the evolution of this sector there are three important elements: the old etiquette of the doctrine and the taboo, the old etiquette faction of the evolution of the church and the old etiquette. The old etiquette group is the fundamental doctrine of the Antichrist and the world of real world. In the doctrine of the influence and authority in revolt, sent two old rituals made response: self Immolation and exile. Old etiquette in the growth of the growth has also formed its own taboos and customs, such as clothing, eating habits and career methods, etc.. Because of the differences in the performance of the priests, the old etiquette gradually divided into the recognition of the father of the church and the church did not recognize the Church of the church. The separation of the church and the church is divided into many small schools. Faced with the "old etiquette school", the people of the past dynasties, the use of the authority of the two divisions of the religious policy, the number of old people have to send a change of etiquette. The third Department of the Russian old courtesy of the impact of this sector is important to the old etiquette of the Russian economy and the impact of the old two aspects of the influence of the Russian society. Russian old rituals sent to itself the livelihood can not begin operation trade and attach themselves to cooperate with faith and community organizations have made great attainments, made the main influence on the modern capitalist economy in Russia. In the course of the evolution of the old etiquette, the abnormal value of their own teaching results, their teaching forms of modern education in Russia has had an impact, the peculiar sense of the group will be the old etiquette to save up. Plenty of old courtesy is sent to help Russia's medical, rescue and arts, and make a great contribution to the cause of charity in Russia. There is also a department of the famous old etiquette to guide people with the 1917 revolution has a close relationship. The stop language department is an analysis of the status quo of the old etiquette school in Russia and the evaluation of the historical position. By the authorities of the harm and the impact of the 1917 revolution, the old etiquette to send all over the world have spread. Although old rituals sent situation means than with official Orthodox Church against, but as the folk sects, there are still very big influence. The old etiquette school has made great contributions to Russia's economy, education and culture, and it has promoted the development of Russian society. The old etiquette school used to be a window for us to be familiar with Russian civilization and to understand Russia. 目录: |
