| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 1767至1914年时代，俄语论文范文，俄国阅历了包税制、花费税和国度酒垄断三种分歧的酒类政策系统。因为这些政策的实行，俄国当局的酒类财务支出极端可不雅，对其时俄国的经济社会都发生了深远的作用。本文拟环绕这一成绩停止专门研究，重要内容以下：起首，俄国酒类政策之所以逐步成为一项主要的政策办法，其发生的缘由是多方面的。伏特加自己所具有的烈度与成瘾性为酒类政策的实行供给了基本，而俄公民众的喝酒文明传统又与当局愿望经由过程酒类的临盆发卖获得好处的设法主意相吻合。其次，俄语毕业论文，俄国酒类政策的制订、实行和演变，一方面遭到一系列其他内部汗青前提的作用，另外一方面其自己同样成为了俄国汗青过程的一个主要构成部门。包税制沿承了蒙古统治时期的西方身分，花费税政策则是东方自在主义思潮作用的产品，至于国度酒垄断政策的回归则可以以为是守旧主义与自在主义，西方身分与东方身分互相让步的成果。第三，酗酒成绩在俄国的严重水平使得酒类政策的作用显得加倍深远，酗酒与酒类政策互相感化互相作用的关系，终究表现在社会言论对于酒类政策激发酗酒等社会成绩的责备上。酒类财务支出与掌握愈发严重的酗酒成绩终究成了一对弗成折衷的抵触，当当局的立场显著的倒向更加现实的财务好处后，年夜范围的反酗酒活动也就成了俄公民众一种迫不得已的选择。总之，本文经由过程详实论述酒类政策发生的缘由、演变的进程和普遍的作用，从而阐述其在俄国汗青过程中饰演的奇特脚色和主要意义。 Abstract: From 1767 to 1914, the Russian experience of the package of tax, tax and National Wine Monopoly three different kinds of liquor policy system. Because of the implementation of these policies, the Russian authorities of alcohol and alcohol financial expenditure is extremely indecent, for the time of the Russian economic and social have a profound impact. This paper intends to surround this result to stop the special research, the important content of the following: first, the reason why the Russian liquor policy has gradually become a major policy approach, the reason is many aspects of its occurrence. Vodka with intensity and addiction for alcohol policy implementation can provide the basis and the Russian public drinking traditional civilization and authorities wish through process liquors birth of hair sell reap the benefits of the idea coincide. Secondly, the formulation, implementation and evolution of the Russian liquor policy, on the one hand, have been influenced by a series of other internal historical conditions, and on the other hand, it has become a major component of Russian history. The tax policy of the tax system is a product of the influence of the Oriental liberalism, and the return of the national wine monopoly policy can be considered as the result of the mutual concession between the West and the East. Third, the severity of alcohol abuse in Russia, the impact of alcohol policy seems to be more far-reaching, alcohol and alcohol policy interaction with each other, after all, the performance of social expression in the social achievements of alcoholism and alcohol abuse, etc.. Liquor financial expenditure and master increasingly serious alcoholism results will eventually become a pair of Eph into compromise conflict, backward Dangdang Bureau position significantly more realistic financial benefits, the eve of the range of anti alcohol activities become Russian citizens a compelling choice. In a word, this paper through the process detailed exposition of alcohol policy reasons, process of evolution and universal influence, thus the elaboration the in the process of Russian history, played by peculiar role and significance. 目录: 中文摘要 4-6 ABSTRACT 6-7 绪论 10-14 探讨目的及意义 10-11 国内外探讨动态 11-12 国内探讨近况 12 国外探讨近况 12 探讨措施及创新之处 12-14 第1章 . 俄国酒类政策的背景 14-25 1.1 酒类政策的载体--伏特加 14-17 1.1.1 伏特加的定义及其特点 14-15 1.1.2 伏特加的传入与流行 15-17 1.2 民族性格与酒文化 17-21 1.2.1 极端性 18-19 1.2.2 矛盾性 19-21 1.3 1767 年以前的俄国酒类政策 21-23 1.4 本章小结 23-25 第2章 . 1767—1914 年俄国酒类政策沿革 25-38 2.1 酒税包税制政策 25-30 2.1.1 包税制的产生与演变 25-28 2.1.2 包税制的模式与特点 28-30 2.2 酒类消费税政策 30-32 2.2.1 消费税政策产生的过程 30-31 2.2.2 消费税政策的模式 31-32 2.3 国家酒垄断政策 32-36 2.3.1 酒垄断回归的背景 33-35 2.3.2 国家酒垄断政策的模式与特点 35-36 2.4 本章小结 36-38 第3章 . 酒类政策与酗酒问题 38-48 3.1 酗酒问题的政策原因 38-41 3.2 酗酒问题的危害 41-42 3.3 反酗酒运动 42-45 3.4 本章小结 45-48 第4章 . 俄国酒类政策的意义与作用 48-55 4.1 酒类政策的财政意义 48-51 4.2 酒类政策的农业意义 51-52 4.3 酒类政策关于工业发展的作用 52-53 4.4 酒类政策的历史遗留 53-55 结束语 55-57 致谢 57-58 参考文献 58-61 注释 61-64 |
