列康吉斯达运动探寻The column of Conger Starr movement 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 列康吉斯达活动是伊比利亚半岛的基督徒在中世纪的重要运动，西语论文，被视为“十字”与“新月”间争取地盘和生计空间的奋斗，共连续783年，以穆斯林政权被完整驱赶出半岛停止。列康吉斯达活动的完成为西班牙和葡萄牙在近代早期的海内扩大奠基了基本。本文由引言、注释、结语和附录构成，扼要地描写了列康吉斯达活动的全进程，并对其缘由和作用停止简略地剖析。引言论述本文的选题意义和学术界对该成绩的研究现状。注释由五部门构成。第一部门阐述列康吉斯达活动产生的缘由。因为半岛北部山区绝对卑劣的天然情况和基督徒诸王国的涌现与成长，扩展生计空间成为其急切须要。南方基督徒标榜“新哥特主义”、自夸为“西哥特人的后嗣”，以此付与其国土扩大以正当性，将发出被穆斯林夺去的国土视为己任；基督教和伊斯兰教彼此教义的对峙同样成为基督徒动员战斗的托言。第二部门阐述列康吉斯达活动晚期阶段的情形。雷翁王国在坎塔布连山区和加利西亚稳固统治以后，运用后倭马亚政权的统治危机向杜罗河道域扩大。11世纪，后倭马亚政权的瓦解和泰法王国的决裂割据又为雷翁王国占据塔古斯河以北的高原和葡萄牙中北部地域供给了契机。经由同一和决裂的动乱，南方基督徒构成雷翁。卡斯提尔、阿拉贡和纳瓦尔鼎足之势的局势，且前二者成为尔后列康吉斯达活动的主力。11世纪中叶起，列康吉斯达活动的性质产生变更，前去圣地亚哥朝圣人数的增长、克吕尼活动海潮的涉及、西班牙的基督徒统治者与法国贵族间的通婚，招致教皇和以法国为主的西欧贵族开端积极介入列康吉斯达活动，使其国际化并带有十字军的性质。第三部门阐述了列康吉斯达活动的成长阶段。诸基督徒王国由占据村庄的无人区变成占据城市。穆拉比特人对安达卢西亚的长久统治和第二泰法王国的割据状况，教皇为西班牙基督徒供给了同西方十字军雷同的赦罪权，本国十字军的介入，促进了西班牙基督徒国度对萨拉戈萨、里斯本和阿尔梅里亚等主要城市的占据。在穆瓦希德人统治安达卢西亚的早期，基督徒国度获得的战果多为临时性的。西班牙军事修会在12世纪60、70年月接踵涌现，成为同穆瓦希德人作战和进攻据点的主要军事力气。第四部门阐述了列康吉斯达活动的热潮阶段。1217年起，基督徒国度分离开端对安达卢西亚动员年夜范围军事驯服，前后占据巴利阿里群岛、科尔多瓦、瓦伦西亚、穆尔西亚、哈恩和塞维利亚等主要城市，穆斯林国土仅剩格拉纳达。基督徒获得严重成功的缘由在于，纳瓦斯德·托勒萨战斗以后，安达卢西亚再次堕入凌乱状况；卡斯提尔和阿拉贡国际政局稳固，并分离处于年青且狼子野心的国王的统治下；教皇再次将赦罪的精力特权付与西班牙的基督徒。在此阶段内，葡萄牙和阿拉贡完成了各安闲外乡的扩大。第五部门阐述了列康吉斯达活动的扫尾时代。因为卡斯提尔国际诸多政治成绩、格拉纳达王国经济壮大的性命力和统治者灵巧的交际战略、北非马里尼苏丹国在13世纪对安达卢西亚政治的干预运动，西语论文题目，使卡斯提尔对格拉纳达的驯服迁延了二百余年。1479年，卡斯提尔与阿拉贡归并为西班牙王国，实力随之加强，国际的政治成绩也获得处理，于1492年完成了对格拉纳达的驯服。结语部门浅析基督徒终究成功的身分。 Abstract: Leo Comegys Da is an important movement in the middle ages of the Christians in the middle ages. It is regarded as "cross" and "Crescent" for the struggle between the land and living space for 783 years, and the Muslim political power is completely expelled from the peninsula. Leo Comegys Da completed the activities for the Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the early modern China foundation. This article is composed of introduction, notes, conclusion and appendix. This paper briefly describes the whole process of Leo Comegys Da's activities, and analyzes its causes and effects. The introduction discusses the significance of this topic and the research status of the academic circles. Notes by the five sector. The first part of the reason listed activities Starr conger. Because of the natural conditions of the northern part of the peninsula and the emergence and growth of the Christian Kingdom, the expansion of living space becomes an urgent need. The Southern Christian advertising "New Gothic", "West boast of the Goths, to pay their heirs" land to expand the legitimacy, will be issued by the Muslim land claimed as its own responsibility; Christian and Islamic teachings also become a Christian confrontation with each other fighting words, mobilization. The second part expounds the Starr activities in late stage column conger case. The kingdom of Lei Weng in the Cantabrian Mountains and Galicia stable ruling after ruling crisis after the application of the Umayyad regime to the Douro river area to expand. In Eleventh Century, after the collapse of the kingdom of Thailand by Umayyad regime's break for Lei Weng Kingdom occupy separatist Tagus River to the north of the plateau and the north central region provides an opportunity to portugal. Through the same break and unrest, the Christian south of Lei weng. Castilla, Aragon and Navarre in a situation dominated by three powerful rivals before the two, and then became Leo Comegys Da's main activities. The mid of Eleventh Century, Starr activities listed properties of Conger has changed, the growth in the number of pilgrims to Santiago, Kruni, Spain's activities involving the Christian rulers and the French aristocracy intermarriage between the Pope and the French, from the beginning of Western European nobility actively involved in the activities of the column Conger Starr, internationalization and properties with the Crusaders the. The third section describes the growth phase of the activities of Leo Comegys da. The Christian Kingdom is occupied by the occupied village of uninhabited areas. According to status of murabit on Andalusia's long rule and second law of the kingdom of Thailand, the Pope provided with Western Crusaders similar absolution right as Spain Christian Crusader national intervention, to promote the country to the main city of Saragossa Christian Spain, Lisbon and Al Merial occupy etc.. In the early Muslim Vahid who ruled Andalusia, Christian country victories obtained for temporary. The Spanish military orders emerged in twelfth Century 60, 70 years have become a major military effort with Vahid and Mu combat stronghold attack. The fourth section describes the boom phase of Leo Comegys Da's activities. Since 1217, the start of Andalusia Christian country separation mobilization of large-scale military tame, occupied the main city before and after the Balearic Islands, Cordoba, Valencia, Murcia, Seville and other Muslim lands and Hahn, left granada. The reason of success lies in serious Christians, Navasd Tolosa after the battle of Andalusia, once again fall into disorder; Castile and Aragon international political stability, and separation in the young and a wolf with a savage heart ruled by the king of Spain; the Pope will once again give forgiveness Christian energy privileges. In this stage, Portugal and Aragon finished each other to expand. The fifth part discusses the Leo Comegys Da activities off time. Because many international political achievements, Castile kingdom of Granada economy strengthen the life force and nimble communication strategy, the North African rulers, in Sultan in thirteenth Century on Andalusia's political intervention movement, Castilla of Granada tame in more than two hundred years. In 1479, Castilla and Aragon merged into the kingdom of Spain, the strength increased, the international political achievement also received treatment, completed in 1492 to tame granada. The concluding section analyzes the Christian identity of the christian. 目录: |
