调查结果显示，高中学生独立探讨都知之甚少，英语论文题目，他们更习惯于传统的教学模式和教学措施。独立探讨学生的近况较差，大部分学生的消极和不接受的态度，自我学习的性能。
Chapter one literature review文学评论
自主学习已经引起了很多学者的关注和利益在国内和国外。在过去的30年。杰出的学者和探讨人员越来越多的自主学习探讨的角度，英语毕业论文，社会，心理学，哲学，政治和教育学Autonomous Learning has caught a lot of scholars’ attention and interests athome and abroad. In the past 30 years. An increasing number of distinguishedscholars and researchers have studied autonomous learning from perspective of social,psychology, philosophy, politic and pedagogy. Everyone has its own understandingtowards the same term.In this chapter, the author gives a brief literature review of the autonomous learning at homeand abroad, and a general description of the requirement of the newly-issued Senior High SchoolEnglish curriculum standards. It is generally accepted that autonomous Learning should beintegrated into English learning for senior high school students for the promotion of Englishlearning efficiency.
1.1 A survey of autonomous Learning studies abroad国外自主学习探讨的调查
The idea of autonomous learning can be traced back to the 1950s in the fields ofsocial, science, psychology, politics. And the concept of autonomy first appeared inthe field of language learning through the Council of Europe’s Modern LanguageProject in 1971.Yves Chalon is regarded as the father of autonomy in languagelearning. Then came Holec , who is well –known in the field of autonomous learning.In his report, he is the first scholar who defined autonomy as the ability to take chargeof one’s learning. This definition laid a solid foundation for the development ofautonomous learning study.After Holec, an increasing number of researchers continue to make an deepexploration in this field. Some of them pay much attention to the definition fromsocial, political and philosophical perspectives. The outstanding representativesinclude : Riley and Zoppis 1985; Graks and Grundy 1988, Little and Singleton 1989;Dickenson in 1987, Littlewood and Nunan 1997. Some of them focus on the practicalutilization of the term in different contexts.Since 1980s , we have seen a variety of terms which are closely related withautonomy, such as self-regulated learning, self-study, self-directed , self-managedlearning, self-assessment learning, self-planned learning, active learning andautonomous learning.From 1960s, some of western educators began to promote learner autonomy asone of the main objectives of the educational reform. From 1970, they started theirexploration on autonomy in English Learning. A great proportion of the researchesconcentrate on its definition as well as its theoretical foundation, strategy training,curriculum development, and the methods to foster autonomy.First we should start with Holec’s definition as his definition is considered to bethe earliest and the most influential one. He defines autonomous Learning as “theability to take charge of one’s own Learning”. According to his understandingautonomy is not an action but an inborn capacity to manage one’s own Learning. Hefurther elaborates the term as follows.1) Identifying the objectives2) Defining the contents and maintaining the progressions3 ) Selecting methods and techniques to be used4) Evaluating the acquired knowledgeIt can be easily seen that Holec defines autonomy throughout the whole learningprocess, from objectives, material, methods, procedure to evaluation and describesautonomy in a moving manner. A quali |
