Abstract: in chinese-english translation, due to a lack of English describe China special things vocabulary and expressions, in order to be able to accurate deliver information of the original text, the translator created the "China English". Through the concrete examples, this paper summarizes four "China English" methods of translation: transliteration, invention, literal translation, free translation. From the lexicology sense, a certain number of "China English" has been authority English dictionary, become the loan words in English, greatly enriched the English vocabulary.The paper also points out, diversity is a tendency of the development of the English, on behalf of linguistic diversity and cultural diversity "China English" is the emergence of the conform to the demands of the era of product. 关键词:“中国英语”;翻译措施;借词;词汇学意义 1 中国英语的翻译 中国英语在汉英翻译的过程中产生,由于汉英语言的异同,中国特有事物的翻译除了采用基本翻译措施--—直译、意译外,还需要通过应用一些英语构词法的规律来杜撰新英语单词。此外,音译措施是中国英语翻译中最显著的特色。 1.1 音译早在19世纪初,人们就懂得用音译的措施来翻译中国特有事物。从清末到《汉语拼音方案》出现以前,中国和国际上流行的汉字注音方案是“威妥玛-翟理斯式拼音”。早期音译的许多人名、地名就是根据这种注音方案来翻译的。这是根据北京读书音制订的拉丁字母拼音方案。用这一措施翻译出来的中国英语具有英语拼写特征,但并不完全符合英语拼写规则。如以下几个翻译:毛泽东Mao Tse-tung;孙中山Sun Yat-sen ;蒋介石Chiang Kai-shek;清华Tsinghwa;北京Peking其间根据方言发音尤其是南方方言,如粤语、闽南语的发音进行音译的例子也有不少:茶tea;炒面chow mein;馄饨wonton;武夷茶Bohea;旗袍cheongsam;荔枝lychee直到上世纪五十年代,由中国文字改革委员会制定,全国人民代表大会批准,汉语拼音成为中华人民共和国的汉字音标。于是,中国特有事物的音译也逐渐使用汉语拼音方案。现在汉语拼音已成为音译中国英语的标准,被国际社会认可并广泛传播。(1)官倒:“guandao”(to obtain more illegally byabusing one’s power)(2)下海:“xiahai”(starting a shop or going out doingbusiness at the risk of losing one’s permanent job)(3)油条:“youtiao”(a Chinese snack, fried sticksmade of dough)(4)豆汁:“douzhi”(fermented soybean milk in Beijingstyle)(5)臭豆腐:“chou doufu”(stinking bean curd, smellytofu)(6)冰糖葫芦:“bingtang hulu”(sticks of sugar-coated/candied haws/apples or something else)从上述的例子(摘自文献[1])我们看到,在音译的同时,常常还需要在后面加注释。不加注释的音译在外国读者看来是毫无意义的。音译加注才能帮助外国读者真正了解异国文化。当然注释可以以夹注、脚注、尾注等多种方式进行。中国英语的大量词汇是通过音译的措施产生的,除了人名、地名的翻译外,中国特色食物、服饰、器具等名称的翻译也往往使用音译的措施。 |
