1 Introduction引言
方式状语的使用在文学中是一个非常普遍的现象，英语论文，在汉语和英语中起着不可或缺的影响。因此，英语毕业论文，方式状语的对等翻译揭示了其重要性。The use of manner adverbials is a very common phenomenon in literature, playing an indispensable role in both Chinese and English. Thus, the equivalence translation of manner adverbials reveals its importance. Qian Zhongshu’s inimitable manner adverbials, both humorous and ironic, fully present the author’s unique feelings to the society. In Fortress Besieged, such a great variety of frequently-used adverbials create a beautiful scene. Yet the exquisite adverbials challenge the translator to a great extent while providing a pleasant sensation for the readers.
1.1 The Classic Fortress Besieged经典的围城
So-called Fortress Besieged comes from a French proverb--Le mariage est une forteresse assiégée, ceux qui sont dehors veulent y entrer, ceux qui sont dedans veulent en sortir--means that marriage is a fortress besieged, for the people outside hope for engagement while the inside ones yearn for freedom. Served as the theme in this novel, this sentence concisely summarizes lay folk’s attitude toward life.
The leading character Fang Hung-chien originally did not know the story of “Fortress Besieged”, yet he couldn’t agree more after hearing this and experiencing the later frustrations. The term is a vivid summary of life situations, as well as a clever catch of mental state. This novel depicts an eternal cycle of human idealism and disillusionment. Since time immemorial, so many people started to believe that they would be blessed by god but ended up admitting that they were only fooled by destiny. This fact can be manifested by the stories arising now and then and the statements made here and there.
Mr Qian looks on the floating life and points out the world situation through his deep thinking, making the readers know something profound about life. With a humorous style and wonderful analogies, this novel can really enable us to appreciate the beauty of Chinese text.
1.2 Chinese Manner Adverbial汉语的方式状语
As a development out of that of Ming and Qing dynasty, there results the contemporary Chinese manner adverbial. Yet the richness of the components, the diversity of the semantics and the flexibility of the transferring etc. are just nonesuch to those of the Ming and Qing Dynasty.
The manner adverbials composed by the Subject-Predication structure have many distinguishing features in regard of form, grammatical attribute, semantic relationship, cognition，and information characteristics and so on(Guo 94).
The manner adverbial and the predicate are entwined in a close relationship: some verbs show a state of verb or preposition in the process of grammaticalization; some structures show a state of predicate or adverbial; the adverbial mark “地” makes the transformation between the adverbial and predicate. But the transformation between manner adverbial and predicate is restricted by the structure and semantics. The essential factor of the structure being restricted is the restriction of the semantic aspect, when transformed to be a predicate, the manner adverbial differs in the syntactic function, syntactic semantics, information features and cognitive schema.
Some of the
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