4.1 please.
Please 属模糊修饰语，它除了表达礼貌，无实质性意义。礼貌的程度也视句子其它部分而定。下例(7),句 b 比句 a 更礼貌，句 c 比句 b 更礼貌。（7） a Do that.b Do that, please.c Would you please do that?[5]
4.2 形容词或副词性模糊修饰语
如 kind 或 kindly，possibly, really 等。例：（8）a Will you do that, (please) ?b Will you kindly / graciously do that?c Would you be kind enough to do that?[5]上例（8），句 b 比句 a 更礼貌，句 c 比句 b 更礼貌。
4.3 条件句
条件句一般与另外一些形式的礼貌用语搭配使用，显得更为委婉礼貌，特别是条件句可以使用虚拟语气。虚拟语气比非虚拟语气更间接、更礼貌些。下例（9）中句 b 比句 a 更礼貌，句 c 比句 b 更礼貌：（9） a Please quote on CIF Amsterdam terms.b Could you quote on CIF Amsterdam terms?c We would appreciate it if you will quote on CIFAmsterdam terms.
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