一、引言
2017年4月教育部颁布的《英语课程标准》(实验稿),对高中毕业生的文学水平作了明确规定,要求高中毕业生(八级)应能“在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的文学著作”;优秀毕业生(九级)应能“阅读一般的英语文学原著,英语论文范文,抓住主要情节,了解主要人物”。因此,文学教学将是新世纪中学外语教育的一项重要任务。对学生进行文学教学,帮助学生拓展视野,提高对中外文化差异的敏感性和鉴别能力,使其从多个角度欣赏英语语言之美,感受西方文明之美,是高中英语教学的一个重要目标。
二、问题的提出及略论
现在笔者担任的是高三英语教学,为了高考,学生在一套套模拟试卷中淘金,希望能取得好成绩。看着他们疲惫不堪的状况,想到教师们不厌其烦地讲解,笔者就会思考这样一个问题:英语作为一门语言,教师应如何来教学一门语言?
英语作为一门语言学科,语言教学是基础。然而在中学阶段尤其是高中阶段,由于高考指挥棒的影响、课时的紧张、学生课业的繁重以及各种各样的原因,教师只注重语言技能的训练,应用大量的题海战术,而忽视了语言教学中的文学教学,造成学生文学意识谈漠、文学修养贫乏的结果。英语语言中处处蕴含文学的因素。文学是语言的艺术,反映社会,充满想象,并具有优美的表述形式,强烈的感人力量和永恒的教育价值。一部文学著作是对语言的创作性的应用,是语言的精华。通过学习文学,学生们可领略到语言之美、形象之美、音韵之美,自觉不自觉地,他们就能提高对语言的鉴赏能力。
回首自己这一轮的英语教学,的确,我们真实的语言课堂更多的关注了教材中对语言材料的挖掘,与考试接轨的语法、词汇、句型、阅读理解以及写作等语言知识和语言技能的培养,学生学到的多是词汇、句型、语法、各种阅读文章的应试技巧以及写作模式等。我们的教学忽视了对学生进行文学教学,对语言之美的欣赏,这不能不说是语言教学的一大遗憾。语言欣赏是高中英语教学中不可缺失的部分。
三、问题的解决
现在英语学习资源虽然异常丰富,但学生经常接触的是教材。那么,教师应如何充分利用教材,在英语语言教学中渗透文学教学,培养学生对文学的兴趣,丰富学生的文化知识,提高学生的语言能力和鉴赏能力呢?
译林版《牛津高中英语》教材的特点之一便是教科书和课堂练习材料都恰当地收编了许多真实的语言范例,内容丰富有趣,语言规范优美,地道自然。学生通过学习接触到真实、完整的语言。如:在模块二(必修) Unit 2 Project 课文中,作者用旅行小册子的形式给我们描绘了一个隐藏在中国西南部的净土乐园——充满祥和、宁静、永恒和神秘色彩的藏族生息之地香格里拉。
He described a beautiful kingdom where three rivers joined together, snow-capped mountains reached to the sky, and fields of long grass covered the earth. In this perfect world lived people who had discovered how to stay young forever.
...Lakes, surrounded by vast grasslands, look like jewels. Sheep, cows and horses feed freely on the green grass and the forests around are home to lots of birds and animals. In this heavenly world, people live in perfect harmony with nature and the outside world is forgotten.
...Nature has provided Shangri-la with endless natural treasures, making the land a happy home for the local people. 读到这样优美的语句,我们无不对这一神秘的人间天堂充满了向往。
同时,任何语言都有[专业提供和论文/的服务。]修辞,英语当然也不例外。文学著作中,语言的精华是修辞。修辞是提高语言感染力的一种写作手法。它或使语言生动形象、鲜明突出;或使语言整齐匀称、音调铿锵,从而使人物的刻画更别致传神,使事物的描绘更准确精炼。怎样才能使文学语言最好地传神达意,正是作家们孜孜以求的。因此,适当传授一些修辞知识是教学中不可忽视的一个重要因素。英语中修辞方式主要有:明喻、暗喻、夸张、双关语、叠言、委婉、典故、拟人等,(其中选修模块11语法板块中对明喻、暗喻,委婉、典故等修辞手法均做了详细的阐述)。教材中使用修辞手法的语句比比皆是,如:
1. Outside,英语论文范文, the fog lay like a thick, grey cloud. (明喻)/2. Similarly, many ordinary jobs may look dull, but they are as essential as water to our society.(明喻)/3. As a business person, you cannot be a mouse. You have to be a tiger.(暗喻)/4. The best mirror is an old friend.(暗喻)/5. The fact was that now I was frozen by fear, not cold.(夸张)/6. I’m tired to death.(夸张)/7. King: I need, no, I must have my important papers.
(Servant enters with a stack of official-looking papers and gives them to the king.)
King: What are these?(throws them at servant) No, no, no, bring my important papers...(双关语)/8. I feel caught between what I want, what my parents want and what my basketball coach wants.(叠言)/9. This will mean good things for our future, our children’s future and our grandchildren’s future.(叠言)/10. His grandfather passed away last week. The funeral will be held this Friday. (委婉)/11. The school is for people who are physically challenged.(委婉)/12. On the other hand, many people, including some scientists, disagree and fear that if mankind interferes with nature in this way, they may be on their way to producing a real-life Frankstein’s monster.(典故)/13. After failing to get funding for his research, he is facing his Waterloo.(典故)/14. Xiling sits about 100 kilometers to the west of Beijing in Yixian, Hebei Province.(拟人)/15. As you know, the UN touches the lives of people everywhere. |