在电影My Blueberry Nights(《蓝莓之夜》)的主题曲The Story中有一句这样的歌词:If you don’t try, the light won’t hit your eyes; And the moon won’t rise and fall in sight,歌词大意为:如果你不试一试,光芒不会触及你的眼睛;月亮也不会升起,映入你眼帘。in sight在这里的意思是“在视线内,看得见”。又如:
In case of an emergency, you can turn to any policeman in sight. 紧急情况下,你可以向看到的任何警察求助。
in sight 也可以表示“临近,在望”之意。如:
After four rounds of competition, the first prize is in sight for the contestant. 经过四轮的竞争,第一名对这位参赛选手来说已经可以预见了。
in sight在上面三个句子中分别充当状语、定语和表语,其反义词组为out of sight,表示“看不见,在视野之外”。另,in sight of表示“在看得见……的地方;……在望”,如:
Linda will go on holiday at Hawaii this summer and she has booked a hotel in sight of sea. 琳达这个夏天将去夏威夷度假,她订了一个能看见海的宾馆。
In sight of a flood, the ants are busy moving to a higher place. 洪水即将淹至,蚂蚁们忙着搬往高处。
以上是in sight的用法,我们学过很多“介词in / 名词”结构的短语,如:in advance(提前;事先),in addition(to)(除此之外), in all(总共), in case(of)(以防万一), in charge (of)(掌管;负责), in (great) demand (需要量很大),in need (在危难中,在困难中),in detail(详细地), in effect / fact / reality(实际上), in general(一般地,通常,大体上), in hand(在手头上,在进行中), in nature(本质上,事实上), in person(亲自), in place(在合适的位置), in public(公开地), in return(作为回报), in short(总而言之), in store(必将到来;快要发生), in surprise(惊奇地),in the wild(在野外), in the way(挡路), in turn(依次地;反过来), in time(及时;迟早),in vain(无益地, 白白地), in conclusion(总之),in doubt(怀疑),in debt(负债),in hesitation(犹豫不决),in wonder(在惊奇中),in secret(秘密地),in the long term(从长远来看),in result(结果),in honor (of)(为纪念,向……表示敬意)等等。
这些in短语表达力强,在句中位置灵活,可以充当句子的状语、表语及定语等,英语毕业论文,在高考英语单项选择、完形填空中经常考到,书面表达中也经常会需要用到,因此很有必要对常见的此类短语进行归纳总结,以形成整体记忆。下面我们来看看近几年高考题中这些in短语的身影。
一、考查作状语
“in/名词”短语在句中作状语,其影响相当于一个副词,用于修饰动词或整个句子,常放在句末,也可置于句首。
【经典例析1】(2017江苏卷)We’d better discuss everything____________before we work out the plan.
A. in detail B. in general
C. on purpose D. on time
【解析】答案为A。句意:在我们制定计划之前最好把一切情况都详细讨论一下。in detail 详细地;in general 笼统地;on purpose故意地;on time准时地。
【经典例析2】(2017山东卷)He had his camera ready ______ he saw something that would make a good picture.
A. even if B. if only
C. in case D. so that
【解析】答案为C。句意:他准备好了相机,以备看到什么美丽的事物随时可以拍下来。even if 即使; if only要是……就好了;in case以防万一;so that以便。in case引导状语从句。
二、 考查作表语
“in/名词”短语可与be动词连用,充当表语。
【经典例析3】(2017湖北卷)His efforts to raise money for his program were ____________
because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.
A. in place B. in sight
C. in effect D. in vain
【解析】答案为D。句意:他为他的项目募集资金的努力都白费了,因为没有人有从自己口袋掏出一分钱的打算。in vain徒劳地,无效,符合句意。in place适当地;在适当的地方;in sight看得见的;在望;in effect实际上;生效。
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