于月政,英语论文,李永,五莲县第三中学。
一、如何做推理判断题
推理判断题是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上,通过对语篇逻辑联系的略论和细节的暗示,做出一定的判断和推理,英语论文网站,从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。常出现的推理题有逻辑推理、知识推理等。这类考题中常出现的词有infer,imply,suggest,indicate,conclude,learn from,probably,most likely,can,could,might,may等。
1.常见设题方式
From paragraph one we can infer that ________.
What can be inferred from the passage?
We can infer from the text that...
What can we learn from…?
We can conclude from the passage that ________.
The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that ________.
The author implies that ________.
This passage would most likely be found in ________.
2.解题技巧
细节推断题要求学生根据语篇联系推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物联系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。解答此类题,不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础知识,而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。做这类题要注意以下解题技巧:
(1)要吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索,这是推理的前提和基础。
(2)要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工,由表入里,由浅入深,从具体到抽象,从特殊到一般,通过略论、综合、判断等进行逻辑推理,不能就事论事,断章取义,以偏概全。
(3)要忠实于原文,不能主观臆想,切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。因果推断题要求考生根据已知结果推测导致该结果产生的可能原因,考生要准确掌握文章的内涵,理解文章的真正含义。
(4)回答推理判断题的试题时,考生一定要牢记,能够直接从文中找到的选项不是正确选项,因为与原文一样的句子不叫推理。只有那些没有在文中直接出现,但根据文中的信息经过推断可以得出的才是符合题意的正确选项。
(5)要特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言,以及表达感情、态度观点的词语和作者在文章中的措辞,尤其是具有一定感情色彩的形容词。
(6)结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
例题:(2017年湖北卷)
Mitigating(减轻)climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village. where the use of fossil-fuel(化石燃料)electricity is forbidden by well-meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world,is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change. If climate change proves to be mild. but cutting carbon causes real pain.we may well find that we have stopped a nose-bleed by putting a tourniquet(止血带)around our necks.
66. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?
A. Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.
B. Overreaction to climate change may be dangerous.
C. People's health is closely related to climate change.
D. Careless medical treatment may cause great pain.
解析:答案B。根据最后一段中的最后一句“如果气候被证明是温和的,但减少碳就会造成真正的痛苦,就像把人的脖子用止血布绑住来止住鼻子的血一样危险”。可知这话暗示的是“对气候变化过度反应也是非常危险的”。
二、如何做代词指代判断题
指代题主要考查考生整体理解文章的能力,并推断出某处指代词所代表的含义,常用的指代词有it,that,one等。
1.常见设题方式
In the last paragraph,the underlined word “which”refers to ________.
What does the word "them"underlined in the last paragraph refer to?
The word "it"underlined in the last paragraph refers to "________".
What does the underlined word "this" refer to?
2.解题技巧
指代题作为词义题的一种,也是常见题型之一。解这类题要注意总的准则——就近指代:指代词往往指代在性(阴性或阳性)、数(单数或复数)、格(主格或宾格)、逻辑、意义、位置等方面与之接近的名词。就位置而言,代词所指代的名词通常在本句或其上句之中;就数而言,单数代词指代单数名词,复数代词指代复数名词,例如:it指代单数名词(单数可数名词或不可数名词),也可指代一个句子;they指代复数名词主格;them指代复数名词宾格;one指代单数可数名词等。除了位置、性、数和格等方面的要求外,逻辑和意义也是衡量的标准,也就是说,正确的答案应该从意义(主要指语法搭配)和逻辑(主要指思想内容)上都通顺的选项。基本步骤:
(1)返回原文,找出指代词,并且90%向上、10%向下搜索其指代的词、词组或句子。
(2)向上搜索,找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子。
(3)将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词,看其意思是否通顺。
(4)将找到的词、词组或句子与其他选项进行比较,找出最佳答案。
例题:(2017年福建卷)
Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain. Absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice. To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.
The present Road Traffic Ordinance states clearly that the limit of alcohol concentration is:
......
57.The underlined word "it" in the second paragraph refers to "________".
A. alcohol B. absorption
C. blood D. process
解析:答案D。由前半句To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process…可知,后半句表示“采取像淋浴或喝一杯茶、咖啡等这样的
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