网范文：“Child and Adolescent Mental Health Around The World ” 儿童和青少年心理健康是整体健康的一个重要组成部分,它的重要性正在增加。目前事件加剧了年轻人的心理健康问题。这篇心理范文讲述的是对于儿童心理健康问题。不幸的是,通常这是由于各种问题造成的，战争,冲突、自然灾害、艾滋病、和物质滥用。特殊人群的遣返儿童兵和街头的孩子们，英语论文，一般已经失去了一个可以支持健康发展的环境。因此国家的稳定和经济可行性都是十分重要的，支持法规遵循和坚持广泛的医疗方案。
普遍承认社会的重要性,以及对个人,儿童和青少年，这种差距的原因有几个,包括孩子在社会的价值,孩子们需要有一个精神生活,并理解发展精神病理学。下面的范文进行详述。
Introduction
Child and adolescent mental health is an essential component of overall health and its importance is gaining increased recognition. Current events have heightened an interest in the mental health of youth. Unfortunately, too often this is due to concerns about the mental health consequences of war, prolonged conflict, natural disasters, AIDS, and substance abuse. Special populations of repatriated child soldiers and street children are a vivid reminder of the many children who have been deprived of an environment that could support healthy development. Further, there is an increased understanding that children who are not mentally healthy can have an adverse impact on the stability and economic viability of nations. Of particular importance throughout the world is the fact that positive mental health plays a role in supporting compliance and adherence to a broad spectrum of health regimens. Yet, the almost universally expressed recognition of the importance for societies, as well as for the individual, to have children and adolescents attain adulthood with good mental health has not brought forth the economic and human resources necessary to meet the observable need.
The reasons for this gap are several and include the world’s ambivalent view of the worth of children in societies, the view of children as family property to be used for work, a lack of comprehension that children have a mental life, and a failure to understand developmental psychopathology (WHO, 2017). It is only now with progress being made in the eradication of infectious diseases and the improvement of nutritional status, and improved health education in many locales that it may become possible for societies to consider the mental health of children as a priority issue. A major impediment to the development of child and adolescent mental health services and training is the virtual absence of child and adolescent mental health policy everywhere in the world (Shatkin & Belfer, 2017). Policy, when present, appears to be less at a national level than at a regional or local level thus leading to fragmented and unevenly funded services. The WHO (2017) through the development of a policy guidance module on child and adolescent mental health seeks to provide the tools needed for governments to develop policy and for advocates to have the information needed to derive appropriate policy.
Concerns about care
While it is now common in developed countries to focus on the development of “systems of care” for children with mental disorders, in the developing world the concept represents a long-term goal given the lack of resources. Too often countries have been dependent on institutions without a focus on quality control using antiquated and what would now be considered abusive methods of care. Encouragingly, with better communication about modern modes of treatment and the potential of treatments to work, a better balance in care and more humane care are now the goals in most countries.
Of course, the ability to achieve this goal is limited by financial constraints and lack of trained professionals. A disturbing trend in many countries is the move toward privatization. This might be seen as a progressive move, but in resource poor countries the move away from state subsidized care towards “private” care is leaving many without any care, and draining human resources from the care network with individuals moving into private practice. Governments are also adopting for their health schemes "managed care" and insurance without understanding many of the negative consequences that have been seen in the West over time. Managed care has too often been focused on cost saving and not on a more laudable mission of improving the appropriateness and quality of care. With insurance it is often the desire of governments to rid themselves of the expenditures for mental health care, as little as there may be. Unfortunately, the insurance plans are rarely adequate to cover appropriate care.
Manpower issues 3 Child and adolescent psychiatrists are in developing countries, and other trained child mental health professionals vary in number and distribution in developing countries. The training of the individuals with recognized child mental health credentials varies widely in different parts of the world, and too often the training is inadequate to permit the "trained" individual to be a teacher of others or to lead programs in a progressive manner. Clinical practice often differs from that in more developed countries through the use of primary care health providers, family and non-familial community members, traditional healers and religious leaders. The primary care provider, with varying levels of training, has become central to the provision of services though the data on the effectiveness of primary care providers providing child and adolescent mental health services is negligible.
There is a clear need for increasing trained personnel to work in the primary care sector, but adequate training has lagged. It is important to note that the competencies of the child and adolescent mental health clinician must fit the needs of the society in which they exist. For example, epilepsy and mental retardation clearly fall within the expected clinical competencies of child and adolescent psychiatrists in developing countries, but are not expected competencies of child and adolescent psychiatrists in developed countries. When child psychiatry is a very scarce resource there may only be the opportunity for a consultative role, limited diagnostic capability, and an inability to be part of or stimulate discussion of national policy. At the same time, child and adolescent psychiatrists brought into developing countries may play a vital role in educating other professionals in medicine, psychology, education, social work, and nursing and in the volunteer community.
Conclusions
Child and adolescent mental health has been aided by improved communication leading to an awareness of modern concepts of diagnosis and care, the presence of national problems impacting youth, and the empowerment provided by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. As there is forward movement there needs to be a concern with developing “rational care.” Rational care implies the provision of appropriate care taking into consideration appropriate diagnostic procedures and the application of treatments that meet the needs of the individual child. There is an obligation to not exploit the vulnerable populations of children and adolescents and their families with mental disorders through the making of false promises of benefit from unproven or noxious treatments. With a continued effort to disseminate information, attempt to achieve a continuum of care, and the empowerment of families to seek appropriate care, the future for child and adolescent mental health is indeed one of promise.
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