语义主体的问题是当代俄语语言学探讨中的一个重要问题,其重要性“在于它不仅仅涉及句子语义主体范畴本身,而且同句子的其它语义范畴(如述谓性特征)乃至与句子整个的语义结构都有着密切的联系。”[1]语义结构是句子的一个重要方面,而语义主体又是语义结构中一个重要的语义成素。“句子的主体是言语的对象,是由事物意义的名词化成素表示的述谓特征的持有者,即动作的发出者和状态的承受者。”[2]就是说语义主体对思想的表达和理解来说是极为重要的范畴。“功能化”(функционирование)是功能语法领域的重要理论之一。语言的功能化是语言单位的功能化。“语言单位的功能化是语言类别、语言范畴、语言单位相互影响的功能化。”[3]语言转化为言语来进行交际是语言存在的最终目标,语言要转变成言语却要受到许多心理因素和社会因素的作用和制约,语言到达言语的这一过程就称作功能化。语义主体是句子语义结构的主要成素,做为语言单位,像各种语言单位一样,句子的语义结构在语言中可以发挥不同的功能,也就是说,可以在不同的言语条件下起到这种或者那种影响。目前国内外学者对语义主体问题的探讨成果颇丰,本文在前人的探讨基础上对主体的语义范畴进行详细划分,以功能语法领域的功能化理论作为指导思想,力求对语义主体进行系统、全面地描写,并阐述语义主体的功能语法描写对俄语教学的指导影响。本论文共分五章。第一章是绪论:包括语义主体问题的探讨综述、本论文的探讨目的及意义、论文的探讨内容及探讨措施。第二章是理论基础:简述语言单位功能化理论。第三章是主体语义范畴的描写:首先是语义主体概念的界定,接着是将语义主体划分为两个类型:零主体句的主体和有主体句的主体,最后是对语义主体的表达手段进行了详细的描写。第四章是语义主体的功能化探讨:在语义主体范畴类型划分的基础之上,以功能化理论为指导,进行语义主体功能化描写。这部分对零主体句中语义主体和有主体句中语义主体进行了功能化略论,主要从语义功能、修辞功能、情态功能和语用功能这四方面来描写,其中对零主体句中泛指主体进行了最为详尽的描写。第五章是俄语简单句语义主体功能化探讨对俄语教学的启示:将本论文的探讨成果与教学实践相结合,希望能为俄语教学提供一些帮助。
The issue of semantic subject is significant in the contemporary research of theRussian linguistics. The significance“lies in not only the category of semantic subjectitself, but the other category of semantic subject (such as predictive characteristics)even the whole semantic structure.”[1] Semantic structure is an important aspect ofsentences, but semantic subject is an important element of semantic structure.“Thesubject of sentences is the object of parole, which is the holder of predictivecharacteristics of the nominalization of the meaning of things, that is, the actor ofaction and the bearer of statement.”[2]It means that it is very important category forsemantic subject to express and understand ideas.“Functionalization”is one of the important theories in the field of functionalgrammar. The functionalization of language is the functionalization of language units.“It is the ultimate goal for language to exist to become parole to communicate.”[3]The process that language becomes parole is known as functionalization. Semanticsubject is the main element of semantic structure of sentences. As a language unit, justlike all kinds of language units, semantic structure of sentences may have differentfunctions in language, that is, it can function as this or that in different paroleconditions.So far the results of the research of the semantic subject are remarkably fruitful.Based on the previous researches, the paper categorizes semantic subject in detail.Guide under the functionalizational theory in the field of functional grammar, it aimsto get a systematic and overall description of semantic subject, and to explain theguiding effect of the description of functional grammar of semantic subject on theRussian teaching.The paper includes 5 chapters.Chapter 1: introductionResearch review of semantic subject issues, the objective and significance of thepaper’s research, the content and methods of the paper’s research.Chapter 2: fundamental theoriesMake a brief description of the theory of the functionalization of language units.Chapter 3: description of semantic subjectFirst, to define the conception of semantic subject; next, to divide semantic subject into three types: subject of null subject sentence, subject of sentence with asubject and subject without a subject; last, to thoroughly describe the semantic subjectways to express.Chapter 4: research of functionalization of semantic subjectBased on the division of types of semantic subject category and guided byfunctionalizational theories, the paper makes a description of functionalization ofsemantic subject. Describing from the four aspects: semantic function, rhetoricfunction, modal function and pragmatic function, the section analyses the semanticsubject of null subject sentence and subject of sentence with a subject with thefunctionalizational method, in which it describes most thoroughly about generalsubject of null subject sentences.Chapter 5: practical significance of the research of the functionalization ofsemantic subjectTo integrate the research results of the paper with teaching practice, hoping it canoffer some help for Russian teaching. ，俄语专业论文，俄语论文范文 |
