任何一门学科想要得到长远的发展,都需要吸收和借鉴其他相关学科的探讨成果,为自己的发展提供新的视角和探讨措施,翻译学也不例外。20世纪90年代,一些学者先后把语篇语言学理论引入翻译探讨领域,为翻译探讨提供了新的探讨模式和理论依据。与以往语言学不同的是,语篇语言学不再局限于语言本身的探讨,而是把视野扩大到语境和语言的交际功能方面。翻译的语篇语言学措施认为:翻译的基本单位不再是单个的词、句,而是有着具体语境的语篇。以语篇作为翻译的基本单位并不意味着翻译可以脱离词句,每一个层级的翻译应该在以上一层级作为思维背景,而整个语篇是翻译策略的落脚点,是评判译文质量的最终标准。本文主要以语篇语言学为切入点,对俄汉语篇类型和基于语篇类型的翻译进行探讨。在对语篇进行翻译之前,涉及到语篇的分类问题。语篇类型与语篇的内容和形式有着直接的关系,同时语篇类型在一定程度上决定翻译策略的选择。基于语篇类型的重要性,国内外学者纷纷转向对语篇类型的探讨,但国内外语篇分类纷繁繁杂、莫衷一是。总的来说,语篇类型探讨有以语篇语法为标准和以交际模式为标准的两种措施,钱敏汝称这两种划分标准为“语法取向篇章模式”和“功能和交际篇章模型”。本文侧重于后者,采用纽马克的语篇类型分类模式,根据语言的功能将语篇划分为表达型语篇、信息型语篇和呼唤型语篇。在纽马克的语篇分类基础上,本文对比探讨了俄汉语篇类型的相同点和不同点。由于人类语言的共性,俄汉两种语言的语篇类型有着不少相似之处,这也就构成了俄汉语篇类型对比的基础,同时,中俄在文化和思维方式上存在的异同导致了具体俄汉语篇的谋篇布局和衔接方式的不同,从而对语篇翻译提出了要求。因此,纽马克提出“语义翻译”和“交际翻译”两种翻译策略,并指出“表达型语篇适用语义翻译,信息型语篇和呼唤型语篇宜用交际翻译”。最后,本文通过具体的俄汉翻译实例阐述了语篇类型和翻译策略的关系,即应根据不同的语篇类型选择不同的翻译策略。
Like every other disciplines with a long-term view of development,translation needs to absorb and assimilate the findings of related disciplines thatwould inspire new perspectives and research methods. In 1990s, scholarssuccessively introduced the theories of text linguistics into translation studieswhich was then provided with a new pattern of research and theory basis. Distinctfrom previous linguistics, text linguistics is no longer confined to the study oflanguage itself; instead, it has broadened its horizons into the context andcommunication function of language. Translation studies with the methodology oftext linguistics hold that the unit of translation is the text in context, rather thanspecific words or sentences. Taking text as the unit of translation does not meanthat translators can neglect words and sentences or that translation practice onevery level should be carried out with regard to a higher level. Rather, it is theentire text where the translation strategy is carried out and the quality oftranslation is given a verdict.From the perspective of text linguistics, this thesis studies the text type inRussian and Chinese and the translation practice based on text type. Texttranslation requires text classification. Text type is directly related to the contentand the form of text; to some extent, text type decides which translation strategy tochoose. In view of the significance of text type, scholars from domestic and abroadsuccessively turn to the study of this field. However, classifications of text type arecomplicated and there is no agreement. Generally speaking,“text grammar”and“communication model”are the two standards for studying text type, which arealternatively named by Minru Qian as“syntax-oriented text model”and“functional and communicative text model”. With an emphasis on the second IVstandard,this thesis adopts Newmark’s classification model for text type and,according to the functions of language, divides text type into expressive text,informative text, and vocative text.Based on the classification of text type by Newmark, this thesis compares thetext type in Russian and Chinese. Common characters amongst human languageaccount for the similarities in Russian and Chinese text type, which constitute thebasis for the comparative study. Meanwhile, divergent cultures and thinking modesbetween Russia and China leads to the difference in Russian and Chinese text type,which is manifested by text composition and cohesion and causes the degree oftranslatability. Newmark proposed two translation strategies,“semantictranslation”and“communicative translation”, and pointed out that semantictranslation is applicable to expressive text, and communicative translation toinformative text and vocative text. Through examples of Russian and Chinesetranslation, this thesis elaborates the relationship between text type and translationstrategies; i.e. text type decides which translation strategy to choose. ，俄语毕业论文，俄语论文网站 |
