词汇的多义性是语言中的一种普遍现象。多义词使语言变得经济简明,它反映了丰富复杂的客观事物和现象,也映射出不同民族对客观世界的独特的认识、描述和解释过程。多义词在具体情境的应用中会受到语境的制约。语境是表达某种特定意义时所依赖的各种语言上下文和非语言的主客观环境,是实现交际的必要条件,也是多义词词义选择的一个主要决定因素。翻译作为一种跨文化的言语交际行为自然也不能脱离语境的作用。特别是在文学翻译的过程中,语境中的各种因素发挥着强大的制约与释义功能,俄语多义词的汉语释义一般要根据词语所处的语言环境进行逻辑略论来加以确定,由于不同译者对语境常有不同的理解,对俄语多义词的理解及翻译往往也不尽相同。本文在理论部分总结和介绍了语境视角下多义词翻译问题探讨的发展脉络和主要学者的观点,略论多义现象产生的原因,归纳多义词的主要特征及意义类型,研讨多义词的界定问题,而后在阐述语境理论的基础上略论语境对多义词的影响。在实践部分对《贵族之家》这部长篇小说的多部汉译本进行对比略论,选取其中具有代表性的俄语多义词的不同译法进行比较,结合语境研讨文学翻译实践中存在的多义性问题及其解决办法,从而在语境视角下对俄语多义词在文学著作中的理解与翻译问题做一探寻。
Polysemy is a common phenomenon in language; polysemous words attribute to concise and economical expressions. They not only represent diverse and complex things and phenomena, but also reflect the process of people’s understanding, describing and interpreting the objective world from their own viewpoints. However, the use of polysemous words is constrained by specific context. Context refers to the parts of discourse before or after a word, phrase, etc. helping throw light on particular meaning; it also refers to non-linguistic subjective or objective circumstances. Context is not only a necessary condition for communication, but also a major determinant for the choice of polysemous words. As a speech act in cross-cultural communication, translation is inevitably impacted by the specific context. Especially in Russian literary translation, various contextual factors play a significant role of constraining and interpreting meaning. The Chinese counterpart of a Russian polysemous word is generally determined by a logical analysis of the linguistic context in which the polysemous word occurs. As each translator has their own interpretation of context, their understanding and translation of polysemous words in Russian are always different.In the chapters concerning basic theories, the present thesis first reviews the development of research on translation of polysemous words from the perspective of context, introduces views of leading scholars on this question, explores the reasons for the appearance of polysemous words, summarizes the main features and meaning types of polysemous words, and probes the question of delimiting polysemy. Then, impacts of context on the translation of polysemous words are analyzed based on the theories about context. The chapters of practice involve a comparative analysis of 6 Chinese versions of The Noble Family, in which different translations of representative Russian polysemous words are selected for comparative analysis. In view of context, the problems of polysemous words in literary translation and certain resolutions are discussed, followed by further analysis of the understanding and translation of polysemous words in Russian literary works from the perspective of context. ，俄语论文网站，俄语毕业论文 |
