| （摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 从俾斯麦时代就已树立的德国社会保证轨制，在二战后，跟着德国的社会市场经济轨制实施，赓续地完美，德国可谓为世界最完整的福利国度之一。社会保证轨制的涵盖面触及到社会的各个层面，从而构成了一个从“摇篮到坟墓”的全方位社会保证系统。跟着70年月前期联邦德国经济成长涌现的滞胀和两次石油危机的迸发，德国的社会保证轨制涌现了危机。在社会保证轨制的外部也存在着很多成绩，重要是社会保证费用偏高，招致联邦当局的财务累赘减轻；社会福利高形成没有人干低支出的任务，掉业人数增长，招致掉业保证费用收缩等等。面临这一严格的情势，科尔下台伊始立刻推出一整套敷衍紧迫状况战胜危机的施政计划。其重点是开源撙节，削减国度财务赤字，量入为出实行社会福利，发明失业机遇。并对社会保证轨制停止了改造，包含养老保险改造、医保体系体例改造等方面。科尔当局的无力对策获得了丰富的结果。经济获得了增加，掉业人数获得降低，高福利带来的财务累赘等一系列危机获得减缓。两德同一以后，东部周全移植西部的经济、社会轨制，而且从1992年起东、西部福利正式并轨。为了弥合东、西部经济、社会的伟大差别，西部经由过程同一基金和联邦、州的处所财务转移付出，向东部停止了年夜量的财务输血，德语论文网站，而个中社会福利转移付出数额伟大。同时，德语论文，在东部，因为社会经济转型，休息者从“休息力缺乏”、“充足失业”改变为市场化失业后掉业率上升。德国面对着新的艰苦。科尔当局停止了行之有效的尽力，全力复兴东部，德国东部经济产生了伟大的变更，社会福利有了显著的恶化。但虽然如斯，德国社会保证轨制的改造仍然任重道远。 Abstract: Germany from Bismarck era has set up the society guarantee rail system. After the Second World War, followed by Germany's social market economic system implementation, ceaseless and perfect, Germany indeed is one of the world's most complete welfare state. The social security system covers all aspects of the society, thus forming a "cradle to the grave" of the whole social security system. Followed in the 1970s early federal German economy to grow the emergence of stagflation and two oil crisis burst, Germany's social guarantee rail of the emergence of the crisis. In social assurance rail of the outside there are a lot of achievements important is the social security cost is on the high side, lead to federal financial burdens reduce; social welfare high no one will do the task of low expenditure, unemployed population growth, lead off to ensure the cost of contraction and so on. Faced with this rigorous situation, Cole stepped down at the beginning of the launch of a set of a complete set of the urgent situation to overcome the crisis of the policy plan. The key is open cut, cut the deficit to the implementation of the national financial and social welfare, create jobs opportunities. And the social security system to stop the transformation, including pension reform, health care system reform and other aspects of the system. The Cole administration's inability to obtain a wealth of results. The economy has gained an increase in the number of people out of the industry to reduce the financial burden of high welfare and a series of crisis such as the slow down. German with a later, the eastern part of the comprehensive transplantation of western economic and social system, and from 1992 onwards East, western welfare was formally unified. To the great differences between bridging the East and western economic, social, West through the process with a fund and federal, state, local finance transfer payment, to the eastern stopped transfusion of large amount of financial and social welfare for the medium transfer paid amount is huge. At the same time, in the East, because of social and economic transformation, the rest from the "lack of rest", "adequate unemployment" to change the industry after the market unemployment rate rose. Germany faces new hardships. The Cole administration has stopped the effective efforts to revive the East, the eastern German economy has produced a great change, social welfare has been significantly worse. But even so, the German social security system reform still has a long way to go. 目录: 中文摘要 4-5 Abstract 5 引言 8-13 第一章 “福利国家”的发展概述 13-19 第二章 科尔时期的社会保障制度的困境 19-30 第三章 直面挑战--科尔力解危机 30-38 结语 38-41 注释 41-46 后记 46 |
