【摘要】:
语篇略论的探讨已经形成了一门专门的学科。通常情况下,人们
不会计划着怎样去和别人展开交谈,西语论文范文,提出话题,得出结论。但是,两
个使用不同语言的人却会应用两种不同的语篇去表达同一个意思。这
除了是因为语言上的异同之外,还有没有其他原因呢?本文试图从中
西方思维方式及其表现形式--语言,尤其是语篇组织的异同入手,
窥探中西心智深层结构的不同,并借此显示这两大文明存在方式的径
庭。
论文的第一章阐述了早期和当代学者们关于语篇所作的理论研
究。关于语篇的定义至今仍未达到统一。本文关于语篇给出了一个宏
观上的界定:语篇既包括口头语言,也包括书面语言。但语篇的共同
特点是:它必须符合语意及语用规则,形成一个有意义的整体。语篇
略论的代表人物如哈里斯、拉波夫等对语篇略论的发展均作出了一定
贡献。
论文的第二章主要介绍了人们关于中西思维方式所作的探讨。其
中,主要是中国学者的探讨成果。关于中西思维方式所作的比较探讨
起源较早。早期代表人物包括严复等人,指出了中西思维方式上一些
根本的异同。而近代学者在此基础上取得了进一步的成果。如林语堂
指出了中国思维方式的具象性,而张岱年则对中国的辨证思维和西方
的抽象思维展开了更系统的探讨。
.
论文的第三章关于中西思维方式各自的特点作出了一个概括性的
总结。在前两章的理论基础上,本文总结出:中国思维方式属于具象
型。圆形的整体思维,西语论文,而西方思维方式属于抽象的、线型的略论式思
维。
论文的第四章就中西语篇之中表现出来的中西思维方式的异同展
开讨论。中国的圆形思维和西方的线型思维分别造就了中国的圆形语
篇结构和西方的线型语篇结构。中国的整体式思维形成了语篇之中由
整体到局部的叙事顺序,西方的略论式思维形成了语篇中有局部到整
体的叙事顺序。语篇的具体性和抽象性也分别与中国的具象思维和西
方的抽象思维相对应。
论文的第五章指出本文关于中西思维方式和语篇的略论结果在语
’.._.、。__。_、_、__。,。_。、._、__…,、_
言外语教学中的启示,尤其是“英语语感”的形成关于避免“中式英
语”具有的积极意义。
最后,论文的结论部分指出:文章中总结出的中西思维方式和语
篇的特点,也只是双方在各自思维方式和语篇方面的侧重点。这两大
思维方式不仅有“异”,而且有“同”。在当代,中西文化交流为中西
思维方式的融汇提供了广阔的前景。
【关键词】:
英文摘要8-11 中文摘要11-13 Introduction13-15 Chapter1 A Literature Survey15-27 1.1 Definitions of Discourse15-18 1.1.1 Clarifications on ”Discourse”and”Text”15-16 1.1.2 What Is Discourse16-17 1.1.3 The Characteristics of a Discourse17-18 1.2 The Development of Discourse Analysis as a Subject18-21 1.2.1 Academic Origin for Discourse Analysis19 1.2.2 The Rise of Discourse Analysis as a Subject19-20 1.2.3 The Shaping of Discourse as a Subject20-21 1.3 Some Representative Figures in Discourse Analysis21-24 1.3.1 Harris22 1.3.2 Widdowson22-23 1.3.3 Labov23 1.3.4 Stubbs23 1.3.5 Brown and Yule23-24 1.3.6 Fasold24 1.4 Discourse Analysis in Contemporary Linguistics24-27 Chapter2 Research on Patterns of Thought27-35 2.1 Definitions of Patterns of Thought27-28 2.2 The Research on Chinese and Western Patterns of Thought28-31 2.2.1 Academic Background for Research on Patterns of Thought28-29 2.2.2 Early Researches on Chinese and Western Patterns of Thought29-30 2.2.3 Further Researches on Chinese and Western Patterns of Thought30-31 2.3 Some Representative Figures in the Contrastive Study of Chinese and Western Patterns of Thought31-35 2.3.1 Liang Suming32 2.3.2 Lin Yutang32-33 2.3.3 Zhang Dainian33-35 Chapter3 A Summary of the Major Features of Chinese and Western Patterns of Thought35-51 3.1 Physical and Social Background Contributive to Differences in Chinese and Western Patterns of Thought35-37 3.2 The Circular Pattern of Thought and the Linear Pattern of Thought37-39 3.3 The Integral Pattern of Thought and the Analytical Pattern of Thought39-44 3.3.1 ”Man in Nature”vs.”Man against Nature”40-41 3.3.2 ”Harmony with Nature”vs.”Conflict with Nature”41-44 3.4 The Concrete Pattern of Thought and the Abstract Pattern of Thought44-48 3.4.1 ”Intuition”vs.”Logic”46-47 3.4.2 ”Self-introspection”vs.”Extrovert Cognition”47-48 3.4.3 ”Ambiguity”vs.”Clarity”48 3.5 Some Supplementary Remarks on Chinese and Western Patterns of Thought48-51 Chapter4 Differences between Chinese and Western Patterns of Thought vs. Differences between Chinese and Western Discourses51-83 4.1 The Relation between Language and Thought51-54 4.1.1 Which is the Determiner, Language or Thought?51-53 4.1.2 Language is the Reflection of a Nation's Pattern of Thought53-54 4.2 Differences between Chinese and Western Discourses54-80 4.2.1 ”The Cyclical Structure”vs.”the Linear Structure” 54-61 4.2.2 ”The General-particular Order”vs.”the Particular-general Order”61-65 4.2.3 ”The Correlative Mode”vs.”the Detached Mode”65-69 4.2.4 ”Moderation”vs.”Polarization”69-72 4.2.5 ”Concreteness”vs.”Abstractness”72-80 4.3 Some Supplementary Remarks on Chinese and Western Discoures80-83 Chapter5 Implications for English Foreign Language Acquisition83-89 5.1 The Negative Transfer of Chinese Pattern of Thought in English Acquisition83-84 5.2 Thinking in English Language84-86 5.3 Some Advice on English Foreign Language Teaching86-89 |