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【摘要】：无论是在古代还是现代,无论是在东方还是西方,饮食,作为人类生存的必
要前提,在人类社会发展和文明进步中起着无可替代的影响。然而,人类的饮食
或饮食习惯各不相同。正如英语谚语所说,“某人之佳肴即他人之毒药”。美国著
名人类学家克拉孔在其《什么是文化》一文中指出,“一个人的饮食当然要受到
其获得食物种类的限制,但同时也要受到文化的制约”。由此可见,饮食与文化
密不可分。不同的民族缔造了不同的饮食文化。只有在各自的文化中,人们才能
更好地理解其饮食内容和饮食习惯。
中国与英美等西方国家对饮食的观点和态度、饮食内容和饮食特点等方面都
存在着显著的异同。本文以“文化深层结构”和“文化相对论”为理论基础,着
重研讨、略论中国与英美等西方国家在饮食观念、宴会礼仪、饮食内容等方面的
跨文化异同,揭示导致饮食文化异同的深层次原因,从而阐明随着跨文化交际的
不断发展,中西饮食文化的交流、互补和兼容的因素也会日益增多。
由于知识及资料的局限,本文所研讨的饮食文化仅是中西饮食文化内容中很
小的一部分,且局限在英美国家和中国汉族,有关中西饮食文化所涉及的更广领
域尚有待进一步探讨和探究。
【关键词】：中西饮食文化 异同 跨文化交际
Acknowledgements3-4 Abstract4-5 内容摘要5-8 Chapter One Introduction8-12 1.1 Research objective8-9 1.2 Significance of the research9-10 1.3 Methodology10 1.4 General organization10-12 Chapter Two Theoretical Foundations12-22 2.1 Understanding cultures12-14 2.1.1 Defining culture12-13 2.1.2 Classifying culture13-14 2.2 Confining food culture14-15 2.2.1 Chinese food culture15 2.2.2 Western food culture15 2.3 Cross-cultural communication perspective15-19 2.3.1 Intercultural communication and cross-cultural communication15-16 2.3.2 The deep structure of culture16-17 2.3.3 Cultural relativism17-19 2.4 Related researches19-22 2.4.1 Researches done by foreign scholars19-20 2.4.2 Researches done by Chinese scholars20-22 Chapter Three Differences on Concepts in Chinese & Western Food Cultures22-37 3.1 Pan-foodism vs. pragmatism22-28 3.1.1 Belief systems in cross-cultural communication22-23 3.1.2 Pan-foodism in Chinese food culture23-25 3.1.3 Pragmatism in Western food culture25-28 3.2 Ostentation and extravagance vs. simplicity and casualness28-33 3.2.1 Two cases of banquet28-29 3.2.2 Ostentation and extravagance in Chinese food culture29-31 3.2.3 Simplicity and casualness in Western food culture31-33 3.3 Collectivism vs. individualism33-37 3.3.1 Value systems in cross-cultural communication33-34 3.3.2 Collectivism in Chinese food culture34-35 3.3.3 Individualism in Western food culture35-37 Chapter Four Differences on Etiquette in Chinese & Western Food Cultures37-47 4.1 Different tableware: chopsticks vs. fork and knife37-40 4.1.1 The relationship between man and nature37-38 4.1.2 Chopsticks in Chinese food culture38-39 4.1.3 Fork and knife in Western food culture39-40 4.2 Different time orientation: lateness vs. punctuality40-43 4.2.1 "M-time" and "P-time"40-41 4.2.2 Lateness in Chinese food culture41-42 4.2.3 Punctuality in Western food culture42-43 4.3 Different seating arrangement43-47 4.3.1 Place speaks43 4.3.2 South and north vs. right and left43-45 4.3.3 Men first vs. Ladies first45-47 Chapter Five Differences on Contents in Chinese & Western Food Cultures47-54 5.1 Exquisiteness and taste vs. nutrition and balance47-51 5.1.1 Exquisiteness and taste in Chinese food47-49 5.1.2 Nutrition and balance in Western food49-51 5.2 Different cuisine naming51-54 5.2.1 Cuisine naming in China51-52 5.2.2 Cuisine naming in Western countries52-54 Chapter Six Conclusion54-58 6.1 Conclusion of the research54-55 6.2 Suggestions on how to improve cross-cultural awareness55-57 6.3 Limitations of the research57-58 ，西语专业论文，西语论文题目 |
