摘要:汉语中有些特殊句型,如”是”字句、”得”字句、”把”字句、”搞”字句等,不是与英语非完全对应,就是为英语所无。本文略论了这些句型的特点,归纳了翻译这些句型的基本技巧。 关键词:汉语;英语;特殊句型;翻译;技巧 汉语中有些常见句型,如”是”字句、”得”字句、”把”字句、”搞”字句等,其翻译没有、也不可能有固定的公式可以套用,如汉语的判断词”是”不一定总是翻译成英语的系动词be。但是,通过纷繁的译例,我们仍然可以探究出翻译这些句型的有效措施和策略。 (一) “是”字句的翻译:“是”字句在汉语中占有相当的比例,但并非所有的”是”都是判断词,因此不能机械地用英语的连系动词be来翻译,必须结合语境含义译之。汉语中的”是”可表示等同、类属、特征、存在等意义;”是……的”含有被动意义;与”才”、”就”、”正”等连用表示强调;”是”还可以表示一种直观表象或结果。下面介绍一些”是”字句的翻译措施。。 1. 译为英语连系动词be ---改革是振兴中国的唯一出路,是人心所向,大势所趋,不可逆转。 Reform is the only process through which China can be revitalized, a process which is irreversible and which accords with the will of the people and the general trend of events. ---那年月,有钱人是天天过年。 In those years, the rich people’s extravagance was such that everyday was a Spring Festival. ---是党和政府的正确方针和政策,促进了广大农村的经济繁荣。 It is the correct principles and policies of our Party and Government that have promoted the economic prosperity of China’s vast rural areas. 2. 省略”是”字 ---武汉是长江中下游地区的特大城市,是湖北省的政治、经济、文化、科技中心。 Wuhan, a metropolis situated in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River, is the political, economic, cultural, scientific and technological center of Hubei Province. (译文利用同位语,将第一个”是”省略) ---中国是世界上最大的发展中国家,社会生产力水平总的还比较低。 As the largest developing country in the world China has a relatively low level of productive forces on the whole. ---工业公司效益差是目前许多矛盾的症结所在。 All the contradictions existing in industrial enterprises today boil down to scanty economic returns. 3. 译为被动语态 ---革命者是杀不完的。 Revolutionaries can never be wiped out. ---这双皮鞋是定做的。 This pair of leather shoes are custom-made. ---这种装置在机械表制造工业中是很需要的。 This kind of device is much needed in the mechanical watch-making industry. 4. 根据”是”的实际意义翻译 ---创新是一个民族进步的灵魂。 Innovation sustains the progress of a nation. ---这是大势所趋,人心所向。 This represents the general trend of development and the common aspiration of the people. ---澳门问题的圆满解决,是中葡两国联系史上的一个重要里程碑。 The successful settlement of the Macao question marks an important milestone in the annals of Sino-Portuguese relation. ---这个增长速度是指导性的,是就全国来说的。 This growth rate serves as a guide which applies to the country as a whole. 5. 译为but it is (was)… ---这个故事好是好,就是长了点。 It is a good story all right, but it’s a bit too long. 6. 用there be结构翻译表示”凡是”的”是”字 ---是重活,他都抢着干。 Whenever there’s a tough job, he is always the first to do it. (二) “得”字句的翻译 汉语结构助词”得”一般用在动词或形容词之后,连接补语成分,表示能力、可能性、结果、程度等。汉语的”得”字,可根据其语法功能,利用英语的词法或句法手段翻译。 1. 用情态助动词翻译”得”字 英语的情态助动词can, could, be able to可以表示能力;may, might, can, could表示可能性,因此可以利用它们来翻译表示能力或可能性的”得”字。例如: ---她的英语讲得好。 She can speak English well. ---你干得了这件事吗? Can you do it? ---他看得出两者的差别。 He was able to see the difference between the two. 2. 用词法手段翻译”得”字 英语的后缀-ible, -able构成的词语可以表示能力或可能性,因此也可利用这类词翻译”得”字。例如: ---有些星星肉眼都看得很清楚。 Some stars are quite visible to the unaided eye. ---这个人靠得住吗? Is the man reliable ? ---这个道理讲得通。 The reason is acceptable. 3. 用固定结构翻译”得”字 当”得”字表示结果或程度时,可利用英语中表示相同意义的固定结构如so …that等来翻译。例如: ---地板霉烂得有许多地方不能再擦洗了。 The floors were in so rotten a condition that many of them could not be scrubbed. ---不要高兴得忘乎所以。 Don’t be so happy as to forget everything. ---天气闷热得大家喘不过气来。 It was such a hot and stuffy weather that people were out of breath. ---这些苹果酸得不能吃。 These apples are too sour for eating. 4. 省略”得”字 有时,”得”字无需翻译,只需翻译”得”字位于其中的短语即可。例如: 1 ,英语毕业论文,英语论文题目 |