摘要
奥斯卡•王尔德是维多利亚后期著名的爱尔兰作家、评论家，也是唯美主义的重要代表人物之一。本文探讨了王尔德的唯美主义杰作——《渔夫和他的灵魂》。国内外对王尔德童话的探讨绝大多数是与唯美主义相关的，其他探讨角度还涉及道德、宗教信仰、唯美死亡、爱情、同性恋等。王尔德的童话著作中，英语毕业论文，对《渔夫和他的灵魂》的探讨是最少的，尤其是现实批判性的探讨。近些年来，为数不多的学者从略论作家的生活经历入手，从现实批判角度对其进行了研讨。本文以王尔德的艺术理论为依托，结合维多利亚时期社会背景，探讨该童话的现实批判性，即王尔德是如何借助这篇唯美主义艺术著作批判现实社会的。通过对灵魂形象的塑造、灵魂与爱情的抉择以及对爱的追求三个方面的略论，本文发现，在唯美主义的面纱下，王尔德揭露了商品社会对人的腐蚀、盲目宗教信仰带来的悲剧以及落后道德对人的发展的阻碍，从而对维多利亚后期的社会进行了批判,同时也印证了王尔德反对道德说教以及现实问题应通过完美的措施来解决的观点。
关键词：唯美主义；现实批判性；灵魂；爱情；道德
Abstract
Oscar Wilde, the celebrated Irish writer and critic in the late Victorian era, is one of the significant representatives of Aestheticism. His fairy tale “The Fisherman and His Soul”, which is the concern of the present thesis, is an ultimate expression of his aesthetic views. Most researches on Wilde’s fairy tales deal with the writer’s aestheticism; others are on a variety of subjects: morality, aesthetic death, love, and so on. Among Wilde’s tales, “The Fisherman and His Soul” is the least studied, especially from a critical realistic perspective. In recent years, only a few studies of this kind have appeared in China, mostly through the analysis of Wilde’s life story.
Based on the social background of the Victorian era and Wilde’s Aesthetic views, this thesis is written to discuss the realistic criticism in “The Fisherman and his Soul”, that is, how Wilde criticized the society by means of his aesthetic art. Through the analysis of the image of the Soul, the choice between love and the Soul and the pursuit of love, the research shows that under the veil of Aestheticism, Wilde directed criticism towards the late Victorian society by the exposure of the defilement of men in the commercial world, the tragedy brought by a blind faith in religion, and the impediment of self-development created by backward moral doctrines. This is also in accordance with Wilde’s view that social problems should be solved in an ideal way instead of uttering moral platitudes.
Key words: Aestheticism, realistic criticism, soul, love, morality
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