非谓语动词与虚拟语气
【Abstract】In the present, Non-predicate verb and subjunctive are always the grammar points in our country’s Cet-4. Applying examples, explaining the ordinary form of the infinites and gerund, and the technique of using subjunctive in attributive clause, can help the students’ promote passing rate.
【Keywords】non-predicative verb; infinite; gerund; subjunctive mood
【摘 要】近年来,非谓语动词和虚拟语气一直是我国四级英语考试的语法重点。应用实例剖析和讲解非谓语动词的不定式和动名词经常出现的形式以及虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用技巧,/英语论文将有助于全面提高应试考生的通过率。
【关键词】非谓语动词;不定式;动名词;虚拟语气
在国家教委1985年颁布《大学英语教学大纲》后,公共外语考试的改革--—大学英语考试(COL-LEGE ENGLISH TEST,简称CET)于1987年9月在我国全面启动,迄今已进行多次。它关于检查高校英语教学大纲的施行情况,促进高校学生的英语学习,起到了积极的影响。其中,由于CET4(四级英语通考)的适用范围广,可信度高,具有权威性,因而各高校广大师生均投入了很大精力。为全面提高应试考生的通过率,笔者以课堂教学为切入点,通过实例剖析和讲解,对我国历届四级英语考试中经常出现的一些语法现象,尤其是近年来考试时出现频率较多的非谓语动词和虚拟语气的使用,进行归纳和总结,以供考生参考。
一、非谓语动词
(一)不定式和动名词作动词的宾语
1.注意那些只接动名词不接不定式作宾语的动词如:acknowledge,advise,admit,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,allow,consider,confess,defer,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,fancy,forbid,favour,finish,(can’t) help, imagine, miss, mind, practise, permit, resist, risk,suggest等。例如:
People appreciate with him because he has a good sense of humor.
A)to work B)to have worked
C)working D)having working
因为他很有幽默感,所以大家喜欢和他一起工作。(98.1-37,C对)
I appreciate to your home.
A)to be invited B)to have invited
C)having invited D)being invited
感谢你邀请我到你家。(91。6-51,D对)
The teacher doesn’t permit in class.
A)smoke B)to smoke
C)smoking D)to have a smoke
教师不允许在教室吸烟。(91。6-49,C对)。
Mark often attempts to escape whenever
he breaks traffic regulations.
A)having been fined
B)to have been fined
C)to be fined D)being fined
每当马克违反交通规则时,他常常企图逃避罚款处分。(95。6-42,D对)
2.另一些动词之后,可能接to不定式,也可能接动名词,但意义和用法不同。注意remember,for-get,stop,regret,go on等后接不定式与后接动名词时的不同意义。试比较:
John regretted to the meeting last week.
A)not going B)not to go
C)not having been going D)not to be going
约翰后悔上星期没去参加会议。(91。6-64,A对)
We regret to inform you that we are not able to grant you the discount you ask for.
很遗憾,我方无法给你方要求的折扣,特此告知。
If I had remembered the window, the thief would not have got in.
A)to close B)closing
C)to have closed D)having closed
如果我记得关窗的话,那贼就不会进去了。(96,1-40,A对)
want, need和require后接动名词相当于被动的不定式:
Your hair wants ,You’d better have it done tomorrow
A)cut B)to cut C)cutting D)being cut
你该去理发了,最好明天就去。(97。6-48,C对。want cutting相当于want to be cut,但前者比后者更常见。)
3.另一些动词则只接不定式而不接动名词作宾语。如:
There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means trouble.
A)making B)to make
C)to have made D)having made
接待处有一男子似乎很生气,我想他要闹事。(97。1-25,B对)
(二)非谓语动词做定语
1.不定式作定语时,与中心词之间,在逻辑上有多种联系,其中可能是互相修饰联系。即:不定式修饰中心词;不定式短语末的介词与中心词组成介词短语,修饰不定式。这时动词可能是及物的(带宾语),也可能是不及物的,要特别注意不要漏掉不定式短语末的介词。例如:
Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office room .
A)to send it to B)to send it
C)to be sent to D)to have it sent
大家手里拿着申请表,但没人知道该交到哪个办公室去。(94,1-44,A对,试比较:to send it to which room)
Could you find someone ?
A)for me to play tennis with
B)for me to play tennis
C)play tennis with
D)playing tennis with
请你找个人来和我打网球。(94,1-63,A对。
试比较:to play tennis with someone)
作定语的不定式也可能解释中心词的内容:
The pressure causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional stain.
A)to compete B)competing
C)to be competed D)h，英语论文，英语论文题目 |
