摘要:动词不定式在英语语言中使用广泛,针对它的一些用法难点进行研讨,希望对广大英语教学者和学习者有所帮助。
动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,它与动词原形同形,但它前面一般要带有一个不定式的符号“to”,这个to通常被叫做小品词。因为,它只是一个符号,没有词性,但动词不定式有时也不带to。动词不定式使用广泛,在句子中,除了不能作谓语,可以担当其它任何成份,主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语和宾语补足语.在句子中起名词、形容词和副词的影响。本文就它的一些用法难点进行研讨。
一、不定式作真正的主语, it做形式主语的句型
句型1:It is easy(difficult, hard, important,light,pos-sible, impossible, necessary,) (for sb) to do (表示客观情况的形容词)。It is good (kind, nice, wise, clever, foolish, right,wrong, careful, careless, polite, impolite) (of sb)to do (表示主观感情或态度的形容词)。句型2: It is a pleasure (pity, pleasant thing, clime, anhonor…) to do sth.句型3: It takes (sb) some time to do sth.花了某人一些时间去做某事。
二、作宾语
1.在动词tell, know, advise, show, teach, find out,decide, discuss, learn后常跟一个带连接代词或副词的不定式作宾语。例1. I worked with children before, so I knowwhat to expect in my new job. (NMET 2017, 19)
2、作形容词的宾语
当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时,作为形容词宾语的不定式动词既可以是及物动词,也可以是不及物动词。这样的形容词有: eager, anxious, sorry, happy, ready, sure,free, likely, afraid, pleased, certain, willing,等。例1. They were eager to know everything about Chinaandasked me lots of questions.②当句子的主语是不定式的逻本文出自，在/英语毕业论文与留学生论文方面具有丰富的经验！如果需要原创英语论文，英文论文请关系 QQ：949925041辑宾语时,作为形容词宾语的不定式动词只能是及物动词,这样的形容词有cheap,expensive, dangerous, difficulty, easy, hard。例. The question is difficult to answer.如果不定式动词为不及物动词,要加上介词,使其变为及物动词。例. The chairs looks rather hard, but in fact it is verycomfortable to sit on. 三、不定式作定语 一般放在被修饰词的后面,与被修饰词在逻辑上有主谓联系、动宾联系或同位联系。例1. He is always the first one to get up. (主谓联系)他总是第一个起床。例2. Every morning she would give him breakfast inbed and bring him the papers to read. (动宾联系)今天早晨,她都把早饭送到床上并且给他一些报纸读。2.通常在序数词,形容词最高级等修饰的名词后作定语。例: He love parties; he is always the first to come andthe last to leave.他喜欢聚会,总是第一个来,最后一个走。3.不及物动词的不定式作定语时,如果与所修饰词构成动宾联系,后面须加介词,但当不定式修饰place, time或way时,后面一般省去介词。例1: After she considered the problem, she got a tallbox to stand on. (NMET, 1995)例2:Then there are always people to talk to if you feellike a chat. (1995年上海高考题)4、不定式短语作定语时,在某些结构中虽然表示被动,用的却是主动形式。 例:We still have many difficulties to smooth away.我们还有许多困难要消除。5、当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但含义不同,请比较:例1:Have you got anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send的动作执行者是you)Have you got anything to be sent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗? (不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else)
四、不定式作状语
1、作目的状语例1:After eating my dinner quickly, I went to the rail-way station to see my friend off.(NMET,1991)我快速吃完饭后,去车站送我的朋友。例2:The Bismarck sailed into the Atlantic Ocean to cutAmerican supplies to Britain.( NMET,1998)战船毕什马克号航行于大西洋是为了阻止美国的供应品运往英国。例3:They got up early in order not to be late.为了不迟到,他们起得很早。
2、结果或程度状语的常见的五种搭配①so…as to do如此…以致例:Tom was so foolish as to tell lies to the police.汤姆太傻了,竟对警本文出自，英语论文范文，英语论文范文，在/英语毕业论文与留学生论文方面具有丰富的经验！如果需要原创英语论文，英文论文请关系 QQ：949925041察说谎。②such…as to do例:I am such a fool as to think that she is a warm-hearted woman.我真傻,认为她是热心肠的人。③enough…to do…有足够…做例I hope there enough glasses for each guest to haveone.(NMET,1995)我希望有足够的杯子使每个人都有一个。④too…to do太…而不例It was too late to catch a bus after the party, there-fore we called a taxi.(1995年上海高考题)舞会后,天色太晚,没赶上公共汽车,我就叫了计程车。3.作原因状语例:We jumped with joy to hear the news.听到这个消息,我们高兴得欢呼雀跃。
五、不定式的省略
1、动词不定式承 |
