|
摘 要:作者以海明威小说《老人与海》中的微型语域语篇体裁为语料,研讨了主位推进模式与语篇体裁之间的联系。结论是:语言是一个社会符号体系。语篇体裁在本质上也是一个社会符号体系。就主位推进模式而言,不同类型的语篇体裁所具有的不同的交际目的可以使信息发出者对选择偏重于不同类型的主位推进模式。一定的主位推进模式可以帮助建立某个语篇的语篇体裁地位。 关键词:主位推进模式 语篇体裁 《老人与海》 Abstract:In this paper the authormainly discusses the relationship between genre and the thematic progression. Through analysis of the mi-cro-register texts taken fromHemingway’sThe OldMan andthe Sea,it is found that narrative texts always have the second type of thematic pro-gression as its dominatingthematic development. In object descriptive textsthe firsttype ofthematic developmentthat helps change the topic direc-tion andthe thirdtype ofthematic developmentthat helpsforma general and specific text pattern are quite common.The thirdtype ofthematic de-velopment is also a dominant one in opinion texts. All of them enable us to tentatively generalize that the text type is not only realized by thegeneric structure potential but also by the thematic development on the linguistic level. Language is a semiotic system, and so is the text type.What awriter choosesto place atthe initial position among a set of choices at his disposal is ameaningful choice ratherthan an arbitraryorrandomone. Key words:the thematic progression, genre,The OldMan and the Sea 1.引言 本文从语言篇章元功能微观效应的角度入手,主要研讨语篇主位进展模式与语篇体裁类型之间的联系。这是我们做的有关主位系列探讨的第三部分,语料都选自于海明威的《老人与海》。 2.主位推进模式与语篇体裁本文的假设是主位推进模式与语篇体裁有紧密的关系。不同的主位推进模式表现了语篇信息的不同发展,可用来比较和略论不同类型语篇的篇章结构特征。为此,我们首先要明确什么是主位推进及其模式。 2.1主位推进模式每个小句都有自己的主位。在有两个或两个以上小句组成的语篇中,整个语篇随着每个小句主位的向前推进而展开。在语篇展开的过程中,前后句子的主位和述位,述位和述位,主位和主位之间会产生某种关系和变化。这种关系和变化就是我们所说的主位推进。主位推进的理论首先是由布拉格学派Danes(1974)提出。同时他还提出了三种主要的主位推进模式(patterns of thematicprogression)。请看下列图表。 (参阅Danes:1974:118-119)从以上图表我们可以看到,Danes的第一种主位推进模式呈延续型或梯形。具体地说前一句的述位或述位的内容成为了后一句的主位或主位的内容。第二类主位推进模式可看作是主位同一型,或呈平行型。具体地说就是主位相同,述位不同。在第三类主位推进模式中,所有小句的主位在语义上都归属于同一个大的主位,它们或是对大主位的重复,或是和大主位具有等值联系、或扩展联系、或反义联系,或下义联系、或同义联系等。Fries(1983)提出主位与不同的语篇体裁类型之间可能存在某种特定的关系,并提出主位推进与语篇类型相对应的假设。这也是本篇论文想要研讨和解决的问题。在这方面,Martin,Fries,Nwogu,Brown&Yule等人都做了大量的探讨。本文用小说《老人与海》中镶嵌的微型语域语篇体裁为例,对提出的假设进行略论论证。选择小说《老人与海》为语料的原因是笔者希望能够在一个自然的、未经过挑选的语言中检验自己所提出的假设,而不是挑选语料为假设的理论服务。 2.2主位推进模式与语篇体裁在我们的探讨中,最为明显的发现是第二类主位推进模式和叙述体语篇体裁之间的关系。叙述体语篇体裁的交际目的是向对方讲述发生在某人身上的事情。这一交际目的使有生命的人充当语篇的主要主位成为这类语篇体裁的一个最为突出的特征。例如:Hehad pushed his strawhat hard down on his head (a) beforehehooked the fish (b) and itwas cutting his forehead (c).Hewasthirstytoo (d) (Ori.) |and hegot down on his knees (e) and, being carefulnot to jerk on the line, (he) moved as far intothe bowas he could get(f) and (he) reachedthewaterbottlewithone hand (g).Heopened it(h) and (he) drank a little (i).Then herested against the bow (j).(Com.)‖Herested sitting on the un-stepped mast and sail (k) and(he) tried not to think but only to endure (l). (Res.&Coda)为了清楚起见,我们用下表来表示主位推进模式: 镶嵌在《老人与海》中共有18篇微型语域叙述体语篇(因篇幅所限略)。下面我们来看描述体语篇和主位推进模式之间的关系。[Orientation:General Description]Before it was really light(a)he had his baits out(b)and(he) was drifting with the current(c).[Report/Specific Description]One baitwas down forty fathoms (d).The secondwas at seven-ty-five (e)and the third and fourthwere down in the blue water atone hundred and one hundred and twenty-five fathoms (f).Each baithung head down with the shank of the hook inside the bait fish, tiedand sewed solid (g)and all the projecting part of the hook, thecurve and the point,was，英语论文范文，英语论文范文 |
