Chapter One Introduction
本章给出的探讨，介绍了探讨背景，探讨目标，探讨意义，本纸和布局的总体介绍This chapter gives a general introduction to the study, which presents the researchbackground, research objectives, research significance, and the layout of the present paper
1.1 Research background
模糊似乎客观，广泛地存在于人类的语言中，作为Channell（2017:19）指出，“含糊已观察到广泛存在于语言，我们已经注意到了一些调查，希望维持所有语言的使用在某种程度上是模糊的。“对冲模糊语言是最普遍，最典型的代表。由于叻关闭制定了长期对冲，对冲的语言项目，进行精确的含义模糊或模糊的含义模糊。（拉科夫，1972：47），众多的探讨者（布朗和莱文森，1978年，王子等，1982;海仑，1996年和1998年; Channell，2017伍铁平，1979年，英语论文，赫资然，1985等）在家国内外都致力于对冲列入该项探讨，并取得了令人瞩目的成就。探讨人员发现，正确使用对冲贡献了很多人际沟通。在过去的几年中，对冲这份探讨研讨了对冲一些具体领域，如学术写作，英语毕业论文，科学的文章，政治言论。虽然探讨人员已经注意到对冲的重要性，在实际使用中，使用对冲中国英语学习者的英语口语（英语作为外语）还没有被给予足够的重视。Vagueness seems to exist objectively and widely in human language, as Channell(2017:19) states, “vagueness has been observed to occur widely in languages, and we havenoted some investigators wishing to maintain that all language use is vague in some way.”Hedges are the most universal and typical representative of vague language. Since Lakoffformulated the term hedges, and indicated that hedges are linguistic items that make precisemeanings fuzzy or fuzzy meanings less fuzzy. (Lakoff, 1972: 47), numerous researchers(Brown & Levinson, 1978; Prince et al., 1982; Hyland, 1996 & 1998; Channell, 2017; WuTieping, 1979; He Ziran, 1985 and so on) at home and abroad have devoted themselves intothe studies of hedges and made remarkable achievements. Researchers have found that properuse of hedges would contribute a lot to interpersonal communication. In the last few years, thestudies of hedges have probed into some specific fields in which hedges are used, such as inacademic writing, scientific articles, political speech. Although researchers have noticed theimportance of hedges in actual use, the use of hedges by Chinese EFL (English as a ForeignLanguage) learners in spoken English hasn’t been paid enough attention to.
语料库语言学的外观作出了巨大贡献的实证探讨语言生活使用。HED GES的探讨，在这一领域广泛运用的基于语料库的措施被检定的发展，它不仅使更容易检索的HED GES采用扬声器来显示频率功能分配的时尚，但也给访问对冲上下文信息进行定性略论。基于COLSEC（学院英语口语语料库），BNC（英国国家语料库），面向实证探讨试图做一个对比中国大学生，他们的英语口语和母语之间使用对冲，希望找出相似点和不同的频率，分布和务实（CCSS）与中国大学生和母语（NSS）的英语口语教学提供一些相关作用，为提高中国大学生英语学习者务实的对冲功能在他们的英语口语能力The appearance of corpus linguistics contributes a lot to the empirical studies oflanguage use. And with the development of studies on hedges, the corpus-based approach hasbeen widely applied in this field, which doesn’t only make it easier to retrieve the hedgesemployed by speakers in a distributive fashion to show the frequency feature but also givesaccess to contextual information of hedges for qualitative analysis. Based on COLSEC(College Learners’ Spoken English Corpus) and BNC (British National Corpus), thisempirical-oriented research attempts to make a comparison on the use of hedges betweenChinese college students and native speakers in their spoken English, in the hope of findingout the similarities and differences concerning the frequencies, distributions and pragmatic 2functions of hedges used in spoken English between Chinese college students (CCSs) andnative speakers (NSs) so as to provide some pedagogical implications related for improvingChinese college EFL learners’ pragmatic competence in their spoken English
1.2 Research objectives
With a corpus-based research method, the current study attempts to make a comparativestudy between CCSs and NSs on the use of hedges in spoken English, bearing
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