| （摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，德语论文网站，内容请直接查看目录。） 现代东方元伦理学是东方剖析哲学家运用剖析哲学的研究办法剖析品德伦理成绩的产品。在剖析哲学家看来,处理品德成绩和品德争辩的先决前提就是要弄清所评论辩论或所争辩的成绩的意义,也就是说,要弄清品德话语的意义。故,从摩尔开端确当代东方元伦理学始于品德语义学。在元伦理学成长的早期,以艾耶尔和史蒂文森为代表的情绪主义者以为我们的品德断定不外是我们情绪立场的一种表达。如斯,我们的品德断定就酿成了客观立场的表达,而缺乏客不雅的广泛性和划定性,在人类社会生涯中具有主要意义的品德系统的正当性或公道性就会成为疑问。黑尔在《品德说话》一书中,一方面试图保存情绪主义思惟中的某些公道身分,如情绪主义者可以很好地说明品德断定何故具有感动人的特征,具有指点和作用人们行动的特点(纯现实的句子平日不具有如许的特点),另外一方面则试图从品德语义的剖析中找出某种客不雅的、非心思的、逻辑(亦即广泛有用的)成份,从而战胜情绪主义的成绩。本文旨在批评性地考核R.M黑尔在《品德说话》一书中所表达的广泛划定主义(universal prescriptivism)的根本思惟并剖析其实际价值和实际意义。本文分三年夜部门,第一部门剖析黑尔思惟发生的实际配景。第二部门论述黑尔对于品德语义“划定性”的剖析。第三部门则评论辩论黑尔对于“可广泛性”(universalisability)的品德语义剖析。最初的结语部门对黑尔实际停止了整体的评价。黑尔的广泛划定主义在现代东方元伦理学成长史上占领主要位置,是东方元伦理学非认知主义实际从情绪主义转向准其实论的一个主要的思惟环节,对后来东方元伦理学的成长发生了深远的作用。虽然黑尔的实际有如许那样的实际成绩,但他所强调的品德断定的“划定性”特点将品德断定和纯现实断定差别开来,从而凸起了品德断定引诱行动的标准性特点；它所强调的品德断定的“可广泛性”解释具有“划定性”特点的品德断定(假如是准确的品德断定),若何能够是广泛有用的,从而在某种水平上确切战胜了情绪主义的缺点。它所强调的品德断定的广泛性对于我们熟悉品德请求的客不雅性也具有主要的意义。 Abstract: Modern Oriental ethics is the analysis of the Oriental philosophy of the analysis of the philosophy of the research approach to the analysis of moral character of the product. In the view of the philosopher, it is the precondition to deal with the moral character and moral character to make clear the meaning of the debate or the results of the debate. Therefore, from the beginning of the beginning of the East, it is a contemporary ethics of Oriental ethics that begins with the semantics of morality. In the early stage of the growth of meta ethics, Ayer and Stevenson as the representative of the emotional state that our moral character is not only a kind of expression of our emotional position. In this case, our moral character has become an objective standpoint, and the lack of a broad and delineation of the customer, in the human social life with the main significance of the moral system of legitimacy or justice will become a question. Hale in "morality talking" in one book, one hand trying to save the emotional ideology in some reasonable factors, such as emotion, can well explain the character that somehow has the characteristics of moving, characteristics and influence people with the guidance of action (pure realistic Ju Ziping day does not have such a feature), another it tries to find some objective and non thought from the analysis of character semantic and logic (i.e. widely useful) components, results and overcome emotional doctrine. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine extensively delineated R.M expressed in Hale "morality" to speak in the book "(Universal prescriptivism) the basic idea and analyzes its practical value and practical significance. This paper is divided into three most, the first section analyzes the Heiersi but the actual background. Analysis on the semantic character "designated" second departments of hale. The third part reviews the debate about the "extensive" Hale (universalisability) character semantic analysis. The initial conclusion Department of the overall evaluation of the actual Hale stop. Hale grew up in doctrine extensively delineated the modern Oriental ethics history element occupies the important position, is the eastern meta ethics of non cognitivism from emotional turn a major part of quasi ideological in theory, has a far-reaching impact on later growth of Oriental ethics. Although the actual practical results such as Hale like that, but he emphasized that the "moral stipulation" moral judgment and pure realistic characteristics will determine differences apart, thus concluded that the features of moral standards raised to lure action; it emphasizes that moral "extensive" interpretation of "stipulation" the characteristics of moral judge (if it is accurate, how it can be concluded that moral) is widely useful, so to a certain extent overcome the shortcomings of exact emotion doctrine. It emphasizes the universality of the moral judgment of the character of the character of the request of the guest is also a major significance. 目录: |
