| （摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，德语毕业论文，内容请直接查看目录。） 1939年二战迸发前夜,欧洲的地缘政治局面为希特勒动员世界年夜战供给了机遇。一战停止后,跟着奥斯曼、哈布斯堡、罗曼诺夫和霍亨索伦四年夜帝国的崩溃,依据“平易近族自决”准绳在欧洲重要年夜国之间涌现了一批新兴小国,这些小国成为法国、德国和俄国之间的缓冲地带,这不只减缓了德国直接被几个年夜国包抄的伟大压力,并且德国周边的新兴小国非常害怕德国,不敢与英法两国结成军事联盟,这有益于德国的对外扩大。德国动员世界年夜战的目标在于牟取世界霸权。为此,德国采用了两个计谋步调第一步是牟取西欧的“边沿地带”,“边沿地带”是介于年夜陆和陆地之间的交代部位,有沿海海洋和紧靠年夜陆的远洋海域构成。它面临海陆两个方面,需同时与海陆两面的权势反抗。在抵触的世界里,海陆两权的对峙决议了“边沿地带”必定成为它们互相争取的区域。德国牟取西欧的“边沿地带”,目标是击败海权强国英国;第二步是防御欧亚年夜陆的“心脏地带”,这个地缘政治学概念在地舆特点上指的就是陆权强国俄罗斯。在近代欧洲地缘计谋格式中,处于边沿的英、俄较处于中枢地域的法、德具有更年夜的地缘优势。从计谋态势上讲,侧翼国度能够防止两线作战,集中力气于一个偏向,而处于中央地位的国度常常难以免两线作战,不克不及集中力气于一个偏向。要击败英国和俄罗斯这两个重要敌手,德国必需防止两线作战。因为波兰与英法两国结成军事联盟,是以,为了完成第一个计谋步调,防止两线作战,德国必需祛除波兰。接上去,德国动员了对西线的防御,获得了一系列光辉的成功,然则,德国并没有使英国屈从。在这类情形下,德国冒然防御苏联,终究堕入两线作战的地步。德国重蹈了一战掉败的复辙。德国未能击败英国的基本缘由是损失制海权,固然德国濒临北海和波罗的海,有成长水师的地舆前提,但它位于欧洲中部,处于法国和俄国等年夜国之间,周边的计谋情况非常卑劣,为了在夹缝中求生计,德国不能不把重要力气用于成长陆军,以抵抗年夜国的入侵,掩护本国的平安,同时采用防御态势,先下手为强,以牟取所谓的“生计空间”。但德国的经济力气究竟是无限的,优先成长陆军必将形成水师经费的重要,是以,德国的水师力气绝关于优先成长水师的英国来讲,是比拟强大的。这使得德国损失了年夜西洋和地中海的制海权。而英国则凭仗控制着制海权,封闭了德国的出海口,使德国没法从海内取得某些所必须的计谋物质,与此同时,英国则从辽阔的殖平易近地和美国源源赓续地取得物质补给,从而加强了英国人抵御德国入侵的信念。对于苏联,希特勒也未能祛除它。在苏德战斗早期,德国获得了惊人的成功,希特勒以为苏联行将瓦解,但出乎希特勒料想的是,苏联不只没有瓦解,反而抵御越来越强。缘由安在呢?这重要是因为控制制海权的英国和美国向苏联供给了需要的物质支援,使得苏联在战斗早期可以或许稳住局势,并将战斗历久停止下去。 Abstract: In 1939 on the eve of the Second World War, Europe's geopolitical situation for Hitler to mobilize World War supply opportunities. After the cessation of the war, following the collapse of the Ottoman, Hapsburg, Romanov and the Hohenzollern empire of the big four, on the basis of "plain near family self-determination" principle between the major European country emerged a number of emerging small, these small countries become between France, Germany and Russia as buffer zones, which not only slowed down the German directly by several big country surrounded by great pressure, and around Germany's emerging small very scared of the German, not with Britain and France formed a military alliance. This is useful in Germany's foreign expansion. German World War Mobilization aims to seek world hegemony. Therefore, Germany adopted the two strategic step the first step is to seek the edge zone in Western Europe "and" periphery "is between the mainland and the land between the replacement parts, and is made up of coastal ocean and in close proximity to the continent ocean waters. It faces two aspects of land, and land and sea power against both sides. In the conflict in the world, two sea rights resolution "edge" confrontation will become each other for the region. Germany seek western Europe "marginal zone", the goal is to beat the strong sea in Britain; the second step is the defense of the Eurasian continent, "the heart", the concept of Geopolitics in the geographical features that is land power Russia. In modern European geopolitical strategy format, at the edge of Britain and Russia than in central region of France and Germany have more geographical advantages. From the strategic situation, flanking country to prevent the two line of battle, with a focus on bias, and at the center of the country is often difficult to avoid the two line of battle, not to focus on a bias. To beat Britain and Russia are the two important rivals, Germany must prevent the two line battle. Because Poland and France formed a military alliance, so in order to complete the first strategy pace, to prevent the two line of battle, Germany must get rid of Poland. Then, the mobilization of the German defense, obtained a series of brilliant success, however, Germany did not make the British surrender. In this case, the defense of the Soviet Union to Germany, eventually fall into the two line battle point. Repeat a German fight off the road. Germany failed to beat Britain's basic reason is the loss of the seas, although Germany is on the verge of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, growth of the Navy's geography, it located in Central Europe, in France, Russia and other countries, strategic circumstances surrounding a very nasty, in order to seek a living in the cracks, Germany cannot not to important efforts to grow the army, to resist the invasion of the big country, protect its peace. At the same time, the defense posture, and start first for strong, in order to seek the so-called "living space". But Germany's economic strength what is infinite, give priority to the development of the army will become a Navy funding important is, the German navy strength absolute to give priority to the development of navy of Britain is relatively strong. This makes Germany lost the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean sea. And Britain, with control of the seas, closed in Germany to the sea, so that Germany can not obtain some necessary strategic material from domestic. At the same time, the British from vast colonial and United States stream ceaselessly made of material supply, thus strengthening the British arrived in the Imperial German invasion of belief. About the Soviet Union, Hitler also failed to get rid of it. Germany gets amazing success early in the fighting between the Soviet Union and Germany, Hitler thought that the Soviet Union is on the verge of collapse, but beyond Hitler expected, the Soviet Union did not collapse, but against more and more strong. Why?? this is important for the control of Britain and the United States to the Soviet Union supply the need of material support, making the Soviet Union in the early battles may stabilize the situation and will fight to long-term stop down. 目录: |
