| （摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 德国鸢尾（Iris germanica L。）是鸢尾科（Iridaceae）鸢尾属（Iris L。）多年生草本植物，是“有髯鸢尾”的泛称。德国鸢尾花姿独特，花样丰硕，叶片挺立，株型紧凑，不雅赏价值较高，群体功效较强，栽培汗青悠长，园艺种类单一，是久负盛名的不雅赏花草，深受人们的爱好和喜爱。在医药食物、盆栽不雅赏、切花临盆、园林绿化等范畴均占领主要位置，可以发生优越的经济效益、情况效益、生态效益和社会效益。因此，人们急切愿望获得更多的具有优秀性状的德国鸢尾植株，来知足各方面的年夜量需求。经由过程对德国鸢尾‘Apache Warrior’、‘Dusky Evening’、‘Edith Wolford’、‘Going My Way’、‘Nibellungen’、‘Red Zinger’、‘Immortality’、‘Fire Cracker’和‘October Sun’等9个种类展开引种栽培（泥土、肥料、水份、光照、温度、修剪和病虫害防治等）、滋生技巧（分株滋生、组织造就和杂交亲和性等）和园林绿化等方面的研究，总结出德国鸢尾标准栽培技巧和疾速滋生技巧，挑选出合适在哈尔滨地域直策运用于临盆理论的德国鸢尾，以期为德国鸢尾的引种驯化和种苗临盆供给实际指点与技巧支撑，为其在黑龙江省园林应用空白的弥补起到无益的示范感化。同时，还可认为我国西南地域甚至全国其它地域的鸢尾属植物质源的体系研究与开辟推行起到积极的带举措用。本研究的重要结论以下：（1）引种自荷兰的9个多年生德国鸢尾种类，经由2017一2017年间的栽培实验，有‘ApacheWarrior’、‘Dusky Evening’、‘Edith Wolford’、‘Going My Way’、‘Nibellungen’和‘Red Zinger’等6个种类取得了初步胜利。（2）德国鸢尾喜腐殖质丰硕、排水性优越的微碱性（pH=7。0一7。2）轻壤土或沙壤土。栽植前，弗成施用年夜量基肥，德语毕业论文，但需在开花前和开花后各追施一次二磷酸盐。德国鸢尾耐干旱，畏积水，德语毕业论文，性喜暖和潮湿，阳光充分的情况，最适发展温度为15一25℃。可以依据发展态势对德国鸢尾停止灵巧的摘叶或摘花修剪。在哈尔滨地域，德国鸢尾抗病虫害才能较强，以软腐病和蛴螬（铜绿丽金龟或西南年夜黑鳃金龟子的幼虫）伤害较为严重。（3）在哈尔滨地域，6个德国鸢尾种类出现出稳固的发展节律，花期比拟分歧，可以或许年夜量开花，但均未见壮实。德国鸢尾分株滋生的成活率较高，操作办法简略易行，可以或许停止年夜量滋生，且最好滋生时光是根系运动行将开端之前，即春季休眠后（9月份最好）或春季萌芽前（4月份最好）。在较短时光内可以取得具有开花才能的植株，而且可以或许坚持种类的优秀特征，但滋生系数较低。（4）德国鸢尾组培快繁的最好外植体是幼嫩叶片。德国鸢尾‘Edith Wolford’的最好引诱造就基配方是MS/NAA0。20mg/L/2，4一D0。25mg/L/6一BA1。00mg/L；德国鸢尾‘ApacheWarrior’和‘Nibellungen’的最好引诱造就基配方是MS/NAA0。50mg/L/2，4一D0。10mg/L/6一BA1。50mg/L；德国鸢尾‘Dusky Evening’、‘Going My Way’和‘Red Zinger’的最好引诱造就基配方是MS/NAA0。80mg/L/2，4一D0。50mg/L/6一BA2。00mg/L。以幼嫩叶片和根尖为外植体停止离体造就，属于器官产生门路中的直接器官产生一类；在初代造就实验挑选出的最好引诱造就基中停止继代造就，而最好生根造就是1/2MS/NAA0。2mg/L。以重生根状茎为外植体停止离体造就，与幼嫩叶片和根尖组织造就实验比拟较，在脱分化和再分化阶段，直接构成具有年夜量细弱不定根的硬朗组培苗，属于器官产生门路中的直接器官产生一类。组培苗经由室内炼苗后，移栽至低温灭菌的草炭土中，成活率为84%。（5）德国鸢尾发展速度较快，无性滋生才能较强，用于园林绿化奏效敏捷。既可以作为盆栽植物摆放不雅赏，也能够作为高级切花切叶丑化情况，或用于基本片植绿化、花坛丛植装点或花境行植镶边等都可行。 Abstract: German iris (Iris germanica L.) Is iridaceous iris (Iridaceae) (Iris L.) The perennial herbaceous plants, is the "bearded iris" refers to. German iris pose unique pattern, rich, compact plant type, leaf stand, view and admire value is high, strong collective efficacy, cultivation has a long history, is a prestigious horticultural variety, beautiful flowers, and loved by the people. In medicine, food, potted viewing, flower production, landscaping and other areas occupy the main position, can superior economic, ecological and social benefits. Therefore, more excellent traits of German Iris plants obtained people desire, to large demand in all aspects of content. Through the process of Iris germanica 'Apache Warrior' and 'Dusky Evening' and 'Edith Wolford' and 'Going My Way', 'Nibellungen' and 'Red Zinger', 'Immortality' and 'Fire Cracker' and 'October Sun' and other 9 kinds of expansion (introduction and cultivation soil, fertilizer and water, light temperature, pruning and pest control), breeding techniques (plant breeding, tissue culture and cross compatibility etc.) and landscaping and other aspects of the study, summed up the German iris standard cultivation techniques and rapid breeding techniques, pick out the right in the Harbin area of direct application in production theory of German iris, in order for the production of seedlings and guidance and technique support introduction of Iris germanica in Heilongjiang province for its domestication, garden use blank compensate play useless demonstration effect. At the same time, also can be thought of system research in Southwest China region and even the other regions of the iris plant matter source and development promotion play with measures to actively use. The important conclusions of the research are as follows: (1) since the introduction of 9 perennial Holland German Iris species, 2017 to 2017 years through the cultivation experiment, there are 'ApacheWarrior' and 'Dusky Evening' and 'Edith Wolford' and 'Going My Way' and 'Nibellungen' and 'Red Zinger' has 6 species a preliminary victory. (2) tracealkaline German iris humus rich, hi drainage superior (pH=7. 7 a 0. 2) light loam or sandy loam. Before planting, not a large amount of fertilizer application, but in the pre - and post flowering topdressing each time two phosphate. Iris germanica resistant to drought, fear of water, like warm humid, full sunlight conditions, the optimum temperature is 25 C 15 development. According to the development situation of the German iris stop smart leaf picking flowers or pruning. In the Harbin region, German iris pest and disease resistance ability, with soft rot and white grubs (anomala corpulenta or southwest big black gill grubs) serious damage. (3) in the Harbin region, 6 species of Iris germanica showed stable development rhythm, flowering compared differences can be large amount of flowering, but are not strong. The survival of Iris germanica ramet breeding rate is high, operation method is simple and easy, can be a large number of breeding and breeding, the best time is before the root movement is beginning, namely spring after hibernation (September best) or before the spring bud (best of April). In a short period of time can be achieved with a flowering plant, and may be able to adhere to the types of outstanding characteristics, but the breeding coefficient is low. (4) the best explant tissue culture and rapid propagation of Iris germanica is young leaves. German iris' best lure Edith Wolford 'culture medium formula is MS/NAA0. 20mg/L/2, 4 a D0. 25mg/L/6 a BA1. 00mg/L; the best lure German iris' ApacheWarrior 'and' Nibellungen 'shaped medium is MS/NAA0. 50mg/L/2, 4 a D0. 10mg/L/6 a BA1. 50mg/L; German iris' Dusky Evening 'and' Going My Way 'and' Red Zinger 'best lure media formulation is MS/NAA0. 80mg/L/2, 4 a D0. 50mg/L/6 a BA2. 00mg/L. The young leaves and root explants in vitro has stopped, which belongs to the organ has a direct way of generating a kind of organ; in the first experiment selected the best to create create stop media subculture, and the best rooting is 1/2MS/NAA0. 2mg/L. The rebirth of rhizomes were used as explants in vitro and to stop creating, leaf and root tissue than in the young makes experiment, dedifferentiation and re differentiation stage, with a large amount of leptos formed adventitious plantlets tough roots, which belongs to the organ has a direct way of generating a kind of organ. Plantlets through indoor seedling after transplanting to low-temperature sterilization of the peat soil, the survival rate was 84%. (5) the German iris develops fast, strong ability for asexual breeding, landscaping work agile. Not only can be used as potted plants viewing, can also be used as senior cut cut leaves smear, or for the basic piece of planting green, flower beds planted or decorate a border line plants are feasible. 目录: |
