| （摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，德语论文，下载原文正常，德语毕业论文，内容请直接查看目录。） 鸢尾属(Iris)植物品种丰硕,是一类具有很高不雅赏价值和药用价值的花草。我国约有鸢尾属植物60个种、13个变种及5个变型,约占全球鸢尾属植物物种的1/5。其散布规模广,生态类型庞杂,普遍应用于园林植物造景。然则因为鸢尾属天然滋生系数低、发育迟缓等限制身分,难以到达种苗的家当化临盆请求,今朝仍重要依附国外出口直接运用阶段。是以,如能进步根状茎滋生系数、加快根状茎膨年夜发育、延长发展繁育周期,并改进其不雅赏性状,将对鸢尾属植物的资本掩护、开辟运用具有主要理论意义。本文在对鸢尾属野生资本和国外园艺种类资本搜集查询拜访的基本上,研究了分歧发展发育时代的德国鸢尾(Iris germanica)的根状茎和叶片的心理生化变更；运用外源植物发展调理剂BA、CCC和调环酸钙商量其对德国鸢尾根状茎侧芽萌生的作用；在田间不雅测的基本上商量了6个德国鸢尾种类的耐寒性,以期为临盆理论和园林应用供给迷信根据。最初针对小花鸢尾(Iris speculatrix)和路易斯安娜鸢尾天然壮实率低的现状,研究了其花部构造特点和繁育特征,以期推进鸢尾属植物的杂交育种任务停顿。本文的研究内容及重要成果以下：1.以6个分歧花样德国鸢尾种类为试材,经由过程田间判定与测定夏季天然降温进程中叶片绝对电导率(REC),联合Logistic方程盘算各种类的半致逝世温度(LT50),评价了6个德国鸢尾种类在天然降温进程中的耐寒性,并测定高温处置后叶片中游离脯氨酸、丙二醛(MDA)和可溶性卵白的含量停止耐寒性剖析。成果注解：天然高温期6个种类冷害指数规模为1.20-3.65,半致逝世温度(LT5o)规模为-13.81--5.73℃。耐寒性强的种类为’Cherry Falls’和’Bedtime Story’,其次为’Brown Lasso’和’Black Swan’,耐寒性弱的为’China Dragon’和’Caligula’。MDA、脯氨酸和可溶性卵白含量均出现先上升后降低的趋向。2.德国鸢尾种类’Bedtime story’的一年生植株叶面喷施植物发展调理剂CCC、BA和调环酸钙后,均能增进德国鸢尾根状茎侧芽的萌生,增进感化次序为调环酸钙>BA>CCC。BA的增进感化在喷施后短时间内后果较为显著,其增进感化的反响时光较短；CCC的增进感化的时光反响为中等,侧芽发展迟缓；调环酸钙的增进感化重要在喷施后的前期表示出来,是以以为调环酸钙增进感化的反响时光较长,但萌生的侧芽发展敏捷。实验成果注解,CCC、BA和调环酸钙对德国鸢尾根状茎侧芽萌生的作用重要经由过程克制植株本身GA的分解,从而消除顶端优势,增进侧芽的萌生和发展。3.以德国鸢尾种类’China Dragon’的三年生植株为实验资料,经由过程对其发叶期、花期和养分发展期的不雅察和营养、激素和卵白质含量的跟踪测定。成果注解,根状茎和叶片中营养的积聚重要产生在花后20天。根状茎中ABA和IAA含量的增长是德国鸢尾进入养分发展期,根状茎营养积聚和膨年夜的标记。在进入养分发展期时GA含量下降,这是根状茎侧芽萌生构成小根状茎的标记。较低的GA/ABA比值有益于根状茎碳水化合物的积聚,较高的GA/ABA比值有益于叶片中碳水化合物的积聚。4.经由过程对小花鸢尾停止田间不雅测,运用杂交指数、花粉活气及柱头可授性、花粉—胚珠比与人工掌握授粉实验等办法,对其花部构造、开花静态及繁育体系停止研究。成果注解：在天然前提下,小花鸢尾5月初—6月初开花,群体花期约35d；盛花期约12d,集中在5月8日—5月20日；单株花期3-6d。花两性,牝牡蕊同熟。花药紧贴花柱外侧,低于柱头约31mm。杂交指数OCI=4, P/O值为552,联合去雄、人工套袋和天然授粉坐果率断定,小花鸢尾繁育体系为兼性异交。5.经由过程对路易斯安娜鸢尾’Velvet memory’停止田间不雅测,运用杂交指数、花粉活气及柱头可授性、花粉—胚珠比、人工掌握授粉实验等办法,对其花部特点、开花静态及繁育体系停止研究。成果注解：在天然前提下,‘Velvet memory’单株花期12-15d,群体花期45d,花两性,牝牡蕊同熟。花药紧贴花柱外侧,凌驾柱头约2.5mm。花自花茎顶端第1枚花蕾向下顺次前后开放,顶端另1枚花蕾最初开放。杂交指数OCI=4, P/O值为1350,联合去雄、人工套袋和天然授粉坐果率断定,其繁育体系为兼性异交。人工授粉坐果率高于天然传粉,证明其天然前提下的有性滋生体系遭到花器官构造和缺乏传粉虫豸的作用,根状茎滋生是其生殖赔偿的有用机制。 Abstract: Iris (Iris) is a kind of plant variety is rich, has the very high viewing value and medicinal value of flowers. In China there are about 60 species of Iris plants, 13 varieties and 5 forms, accounting for the global Iris species 1/5. The distribution range, ecological type complex, widely used in landscaping of garden plants. However because of the identity of the iris natural breeding coefficient is low, growth retardation and other restrictions, it is difficult to reach the seedlings of belongings of parturient request are currently important export dependent direct application stage. So if progress rhizomes breeding coefficient, accelerate the rhizome enlargement, development, extension of the development of the breeding cycle, and improve its indecent appreciation character, will cover of plants of the genus Iris capital, development application has important theoretical significance. The iris is wild capital and foreign horticultural kinds of capital collection of investigation of basic research is the differences in development time German iris (Iris germanica) rhizome and leaf physiological and biochemical changes in; exogenous application of plant growth regulator Ba and CCC and prohexadione calcium to discuss the influence on German iris rhizome lateral bud initiation; in the field to indecent measuring basic to discuss six German Iris species of cold resistance, in order for parturient theory and landscape using supply according to superstition. Initial status for the low rate of natural flowers iris speculatrix) and Louisiana iris sturdy, discussion of the the flower structure characteristics and breeding characteristics, in order to promote the plants of the genus Iris hybrid breeding task pause. The research contents and major achievements in the following: 1. With six different German figure Iris species as experimental material, through process field determination and determination of the summer natural cooling in the process of leaf absolute conductivity (REC), combined with logistic equation calculating all kinds of semi caused by temperature (LT50) died, evaluation of the six German Iris species in natural cooling in the process of cold resistance and determination of heat treatment after leaf free proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble protein content of cold tolerance analysis. Notes: natural high temperature phase six kinds of chilling injury index scale for 1.20-3.65, semi induced death temperature LT5o scale -13.81--5.73 DEG C. Cold resistant species as' Cherry Falls' and 'Bedtime Story', followed by 'Brown Lasso' and 'Black Swan', low cold resistance for the 'China Dragon' and 'Caligula'. MDA, proline and soluble protein content were first increased and then decreased trend. 2 German Iris species' bedtime story 'annuals spraying plant growth regulator CCC, Ba and prohexadione calcium, can enhance German iris rhizome bud initiation, stimulative action sequence for prohexadione calcium >BA>CCC. Ba promote action in spraying after a short period of time consequences are more significant, enhancing its role of response time is relatively short; CCC improve probation time response for medium, delayed bud development; adjusting calcium naphthenic acid enhance an important role in the early stage after spraying expressed is to think prohexadione calcium enhancing effect of reaction time longer, but initiation of axillary bud development agile. Experimental results of annotation, CCC, Ba and prohexadione calcium effect on German iris rhizome lateral bud initiation important through restraining plant GA itself decomposed, thus eliminating apical dominance and promote lateral bud initiation and development. . in three years in the German Iris species' China Dragon 'plants for experimental material, through the process of leaf stage, flowering and nutrient development period of not Yacha and nutrition, hormones and protein content of tracking measurement. Results the accumulation of nutrition notes, rhizomes and leaves produce at 20 days after anthesis. ABA and IAA content in rhizome growth is the German iris into nutrient development period, marking the rhizomes nutrition accumulation and expansion of the. The GA content decreased in nutrient development period, this is the rhizome bud initiation markers constitute root like stem. The lower GA/ABA ratio is beneficial to rhizome carbohydrate accumulation, higher GA/ABA ratio is beneficial to the accumulation of carbohydrates in the leaves. 4. Through the process of floret iris stop field indecent test and application of hybrid index, pollen vigor and stigma can receptivity, pollen - ovule ratio and artificial master pollination experiments and other measures, the flower structure, flowering static and breeding system research. Results note: under the natural condition, iris speculatrix early May - June flowering, groups of flowering about 35 days; flowering about 12D, in the May 8 - May 20; monoclonal florescence 3-6d. Flowers bisexual, male and female pistil with ripe. Anthers close to lateral style, stigma below about 31mm. Hybrid index OCI=4, P / O value of 552, combined castration and artificial bagging and natural pollination and fruit setting rate determined, iris flower breeding system for facultative xenogamy. 5. Through the process of Louisiana iris' Velvet memory 'stop field indecent test and application of hybrid index, pollen vigor and stigma can be granted, pollen - ovule ratio, artificial control pollination experiment method, the flowers characteristics, flowering static and breeding system research. Note: results in the natural condition, the 'Velvet memory' 12-15d 45d plant flowering, flowering time, flowers bisexual, male and female pistil with ripe. Anthers close to lateral style, stigma above about 2.5mm. Flowers open from the top first gold flower stems before and after the other 1 top down sequentially, first open flower. Hybrid index OCI=4, P / O value for 1350, combined castration and artificial bagging and natural pollination and fruit setting rate determined, the breeding system is a facultative outcrossing. Artificial pollination and fruit setting rate is higher than that of natural pollination that the natural premise of sexual breeding system by floral organ structure and lack of pollination insects and rhizome growth is the reproductive compensation useful mechanism. 目录: |
