【摘要】:语言与思维联系密切,二者相互作用,相互影响。语言是思维表达的主要工具,思维则以一定的方式表现于某种语言形式之中。生活在不同地域的东西方民族,西语毕业论文,由于受其不同地理环境、历史背景、文化渊源等因素作用,导致了东西方人不同的思维方式。中外许多学者认同这样的观点:东方民族(以汉民族为代表)以综合性、整体性和直觉体悟为主要特征,而西方民族(以英民族为代表)则以略论性、个体性和逻辑性为主要特征。起源于心理学的迁移是指已经掌握的知识对新知识学习产生的作用。这一概念最早由Whitney于一个多世纪以前引入语言学领域内。语言迁移可分为两种,分别是正迁移和负迁移。正迁移是指已经掌握的知识在新知识的学习过程中起到的促进影响,反之,就发生了负迁移。在语言学习中,如何充分利用正迁移产生的有利作用,避免负迁移,对二语习得具有重要意义。
写作,是一种思维活动。中国学生在英语写作中,语言(母语)迁移现象普遍,尤其是语言负迁移,已引起了广大学者和教育者的普遍关注。高中生处于英语学习初级阶段,所以其英语写作受母语负迁移作用比较严重。因此,本探讨针对高中生英语写作近况,从认知即中西思维方式异同的角度对其进行略论探讨,目的是进一步了解其英文写作情况,西语专业论文,发现问题并略论成因,最后提出解决方案。在本探讨中,作者收集了齐齐哈尔市第六中学高三年级三个普通班级学生的英语作文,共计143份。其中,这些作文样本来源于高三年级上学期的期中试卷。本文主要从词汇、句法、语篇三个方面对数据进行略论与研讨:(1)词汇方面:学生英语写作中时常发生用词错误,主要类型如词性混淆、搭配不当及选词有误;(2)句法方面:受中西思维方式异同及句法组织结构的作用,学生英语写作中频繁出现残缺句、谓语有误、平行结构不一致等六种句法错误;(3)语篇方面:学生在主题句位置、语篇组织结构和篇章衔接与连贯方面易受汉语思维模式的干扰。通过探讨发现,学生在英语写作中出现的失误都与中西思维方式异同有着密切的联系,因此,在对我国高中生进行英语写作教学时,不能只对目的语语言进行训练,而应从中西思维方式异同入手,帮助学生略论失误的原因,进而有效地提高学生英文写作水平与能力。
【关键词】:中西思维方式异同 英语写作 语言迁移 负迁移
摘要6-7 Abstract7-11 1 Introduction11-13 1.1 Research Background11 1.2 Purpose and Significance of the Study11-12 1.3 Organization of the Study12-13 2 Literature Review13-23 2.1 Language Transfer13-18 2.1.1 Definition of Language Transfer13-14 2.1.2 Three Stages of Studies on Language Transfer14-15 2.1.3 Types of Language Transfer15-18 2.2 Thought and Thought Patterns18-21 2.2.1 Definition of Thought18 2.2.2 Definition of Thought Pattern18-19 2.2.3 Relationship between Language and Thought19-21 2.3 Researches on Negative Transfer in Writing21-23 3 Contrastive Studies of Chinese and Western Thought Patterns23-40 3.1 Contrasts of the Differences between Chinese and Western Thought Patterns23-27 3.1.1 Synthetic vs. Analytic23-24 3.1.2 Concrete vs. Abstract24-25 3.1.3 Subjective vs. Objective25 3.1.4 Circular vs. Linear25-26 3.1.5 Intuitional vs. Logical26-27 3.2 Causes of Different Thought Patterns27-30 3.2.1 Natural Geographical Environment27-28 3.2.2 Economy28-29 3.2.3 Philosophy29-30 3.2.4 Language30 3.3 The Differences between Chinese and Western Thought Patterns Reflected in Language30-40 3.3.1 Lexical Level30-33 3.3.2 Syntactic Level33-36 3.3.3 Discourse Level36-40 4 Research Design40-42 4.1 Introduction40 4.2 Purpose of the Study40 4.3 Methodology40-42 4.3.1 Subjects40-41 4.3.2 Research Instruments41 4.3.3 Data Collection41-42 5 Results and Discussion42-61 5.1 The Influence of the Differences between Chinese and Western Thought Patterns on the Word42-44 5.1.1 Confusion of Part of Speech42-43 5.1.2 Wrong Collocation of Words43 5.1.3 Wrong Choice of Words43-44 5.2 The Influence of the Differences between Chinese and Western Thought Patterns on the Syntax44-51 5.2.1 Fragment Sentences45-46 5.2.2 Run-on Sentences46-47 5.2.3 Multi-predicate Sentences47-48 5.2.4 Wrong Use of the Predicate48-49 5.2.5 Wrong Use of the Subject49-50 5.2.6 Faulty Parallelism50-51 5.3 The Influence of the Differences between Chinese and Western Thought Patterns on the Discourse51-59 5.3.1 The Location of the Topic Sentence51-56 5.3.2 The Discourse Organization56-58 5.3.3 The Cohesion and Coherence of the Paragraph and Passage58-59 5.4 Summary59-61 6 Conclusion61-70 6.1 Major Findings61 6.2 Pedagogical Implications of the Study61-69 6.2.1 Cultivating English Thought Pattern Competence62-63 6.2.2 Increasing Western Cultural Teaching Contents63-69 6.3 Limitations of the Study69-70 Bibliography70-73 Appendix73-74 Papers Published in the Period of M.A. Education74-75 Acknowledgements75-76 |