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摘 要:对于英语中否定词表示肯定意思的语法特点略论的英语语法论文发表：英语中有些句子形式否定而内容肯定,这种用法在句子中起着加强语气的影响并使句子带有浓厚的感情色彩。在英译汉时,掌握这一语法结构,对我们不拘泥原文表层结构的否定现象,而忠实理解原文有重要意义。 关键词:否定句;英语语法;英语教学;翻译 英语中的“双重否定表示肯定意思”这一语法特点随处可见。不管是带有一定的感情色彩,还是加强语气,只要掌握其语言特点,并不是十分难掌握的。然而,英语语言是复杂的,句式结构是多种多样的,表达方式也是灵活多样的,而且生动幽默,含义颇深。有些句子有否定词not,内容却包含了肯定的意义。在英语中常有这种句子看起来有否定词,却不一定表达否定意义,为此,不能一看到否定词,就认定该句含有否定意义,而需要了解上下文,在特有的语言中才能给出其确切含义。为了减少英语学习的难度,提高学习者的理解水平,下面笔者就英语中否定词表示肯定意思这一语法特点做一粗略的略论与研讨,以利于读者更深刻地理解这门语言而加以广泛地运用。 一、形式否定而内容肯定的表现形式 否定词表达肯定意义这一语法特点表现在如下方面。1•带有浓厚的感情色彩,使语言栩栩如生。一般常见于表示请求、强调、礼貌、感叹、羡慕、婉转的请求等情况下。例如:Won’t you have some beer?请喝点啤酒吧。(请求)How many feet, I wonder, have not trodden that path.不知道有多少人走过这条小路。(强调)She asked me whether she would not do anything for me.她问我她是否能为我做点什么。(礼貌)What bad deeds would he not do!他什么坏事都能干的出来。(感叹)Isn’t it wonderful!真好啊! (感叹)What has he not suffered?他受过很多苦。(强调)Aren’t you lucky!你真走运! (羡慕)Wouldn’t you leave him a message?请给他留个口信好吗? (更婉转的请求)2•否定词表达肯定意义,使说话人的语气更加肯定,有加强语气之功能。例如:Who does not know it?人人都知道这个。Does no one understand me?肯定会有人理解我的。Wasn’t it a wonderful match!比赛真是太精彩了!Can’t man change the world?人类能够改变世界。It’s all to nothing that they will succeed.他们肯定会成功。3•句中含有否定词,却并不含否定意义,仅是一种语法现象,表示其他的意思。There is no doubt but he will pass the exam. (but = that无实义)毫无疑问,他会通过这次考试。But that you lent him a large sum of money, he would have gone bankrupt.要不是你借给他了一大笔钱,他早就破产了。Panda is a kind of animal like nothing on earth.熊猫是一种珍奇动物。They are preparing a substantial meal against my return.他们正准备一顿丰盛的饭菜为我接风。To her no small delight, she came out first.她得了第一名,非常高兴。Not once or twice have I advised her. ( not once or twice = many times )我多次劝过她。The affair has given her quite a little trouble.这件事给她带来许多麻烦。 二、否定词与其他词语连用表达肯定内容 英语中的否定词与某些词语连用,相当于肯定,这一形式常使文章显得非常通顺流畅。而有一些否定词与其他词连用,形成固定结构,这种结构在语义上表示对事物的否定达到极端程度,最后导致肯定意义。1•表示禁不住、不得不的特殊结构,例如can’t help doing,can’t keep from doing , can’t refrain from doing。She couldn’t keep from laughing.她不禁大笑起来。I can’t refrain from rejecting his proposal.我不得不否决他的建议。2•否定词/比较级(相当于最高级)I can’t agree more.我非常同意。 He couldn’t feel better. (He felt best.)他感到好极了。There is nothing he likes more than a glass of beer.他非常喜欢喝啤酒。Nothing is more precious than health.健康是最宝贵的。He wants nothing more than time.他最需要的是时间。Never have I seen more beautiful scenery than this.这是我见过的最美丽的景色。He could no more than go there alone.他只能独自一人去那儿。She is no less beautiful than her sister.她同她妹妹一样漂亮。He is no less a person than the man you are looking for.他正是你在找的那个人。3•否定词/till、until、unless、before等,这种结构译为“直到……才”。Don’t draw your bow till (before) your arrow is fixed.箭搭好了才拉弓。You can never gain your aim, unless you work hard.你只有努力才能达到目的。4•表示时间意义的结构成为固定句型。“No sooner…than…; hardly(scarcely)…when(before)…”,意思是“一……就……、刚……就……”。例如:He had hardly gone to bed when the door bell rang.他刚刚睡下门铃就响了。No sooner had he got off the train than his daughter ran towards him.他刚一下车,女儿就跑了过来。5•其他否定包含肯定意思的固定形式。例如:There is no other than the book we want to buy.这正是我们要买的那本书。She did it as likely as not.她可能做了那事。The boy finished his meal in no time.那个男孩很快就把饭吃完了。I’d go there as soon as not.我非常愿意去那儿。Nothing succeeds like success.一事成功,事事顺利。He has a talent little short of a genius.可以说他的才能与天才相当。His failure was due to nothing else than his own carelessness.他的失败完全是他的粗心所造成的。During foggy weather the trains are late more often than not.在有雾的，英语论文，英语论文范文 |
