| （摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 20世纪60年月法国社会学家米歇尔·福柯在其文章《另类空间》中强调了“空间”的主要性。尔后在文明学范畴涌现了新的范式转换，即“空间转向”或“地形学转向”。汗青学、社会学和文明学中涌现了多种多样的空间反思，显示了空间认识的清醒。这些空间反思为文学著作中的空间研究供给了新的视角与新的能够性。福柯在《另类空间》中体系地描写了一种另类空间。这类空间的运转规矩分歧平常，被看作社会中的另类，它可以或许反应、质疑和推翻社会中的其他空间。这类另类空间和乌托邦一样，与平凡的生涯空间相抵触。然则与虚拟的乌托邦相反，此类空间又是真实存在于社会当中。与“乌托邦”的概念比拟较，福柯将这类另类空间定名为“异托邦”，与此响应，他将对异托邦的体系描写称作“异质拓扑学”。在托马斯·曼的长篇小说《魔山》中就涌现了如许的异托邦一“山庄”疗养院。本文将从社会学视角借助福柯的异质拓扑学研究这个疗养院空间。文天职析的第一部门等于对疗养院的异托邦特征的剖析。“山庄”疗养院地处山区，阔别社会，然则作为社会的上级体系，它又与社会坚持着接洽。疾病在社会中是一种偏离的状况，在疗养院中则成了正常状况，这使得疗养院成了一个另类的空间，一个偏离的异托邦。另外，疗养院照样一个搜罗万象的异托邦，它以汉斯·卡斯托普为中间，将五花八门具有分歧立场的人集合在一路，构建了一个微不雅世界。疗养院中的时光也与传统时光相违反。疗养院中的病人与世隔断，生涯法式固定不变，加上平地上气象多变，每一个季候都有能够下雪，德语论文范文，这就使抱病人们逐步忘却了传统时光。别的疗养院又是一个既开放又关闭的体系，只要生病的人才能真正进入疗养院空间。文天职析的第二部门评论辩论了疗养院异托邦的社会功效。不管是对病人照样对社会来讲，疗养院都具有必定的社会功效。病人将疗养院当作新的故乡，历久住在那边，并逐步冷淡本来的故乡。疗养院具有如斯壮大的吸引力，一是由于疗养院作为社会中的另类空间，具有另类的轨制，在这类轨制下病人会逐步损失治病的意志；二是由于疗养院为病人和回避任务的人发明了一个流亡空间，在这个空间中人们不消理睬平日的社会准则和请求。三是由于平原社会也对疗养院中的病人采用了无所谓的立场，将疗养院当作了寄存无用之人的渣滓场。这些身分不只展示了疗养院的社会功效，也提醒了住在这个空间中的人和社会的关系。他们住在疗养院中，一方面是由于在疗养院中没有累赘，另外一方面则是由于社会不须要他们。 Abstract: Twentieth Century 60, French sociologist Michel Volker in his article "alternative space" stressed the "space" of the main. Then in the category of civilization emerged new paradigm, namely "spatial turn" or "topographic steering". History, sociology and cultural studies emerged in a variety of space reflection, display space clear understanding. These spatial reflections provide a new perspective and a new perspective for the study of space in literary works. Foucault in "alternative space" in the system to describe a kind of space. This kind of space, the operation of the rules of the ordinary, is seen as a kind of society, it can react, question and overthrow the other space in society. This kind of alternative space and Utopia is the same as that of the ordinary career space. However, contrary to the virtual Utopia, this kind of space is the real existence in the society. With the concept of "Utopia" analogy, Foucault will this type of alternative space named as "heterotopia", and this response, he will of heterotopias system description called "heterogeneous topology". In Thomas Man's novel "the magic mountain" in the emergence of heterotopias such a "villa" sanatorium. This paper from the perspective of sociology with heterogeneous topology study of Foucault's space in this sanatorium. Analysis of the first Department of text analytics is equal to the characteristics of the heterotopia of sanatorium. "Villa" sanatorium is located in mountainous areas, after an absence of society. However as the superior of the social system, it and social adhere to the contact. Disease in society is a deviation condition. In the sanatorium is the normal situation, which makes the sanatorium has become a kind of space, a deviation of heterotopia. Also sanatorium still a trawling Vientiane of heterotopia, it to Hans Castorp, will be varied with the position differences set in a way, to construct a micro world. The time of the nursing home is also contrary to the traditional time. The sanatorium patients was cut off from the world, career French fixed, and the ground meteorological variable, each season have to snow, which makes the sicken people gradually forget the traditional time. Another nursing home is a system that is both open and closed, so long as the sick man can really enter the space of the nursing home. Analysis of the second text analytics Department discusses the social effect of sanatorium heterotopias. Whether it is for the patient to the community, the nursing home has a certain social effect. The patient will sanatorium as a new home for a long time to live there, and gradually was the hometown of cold. Nursing home has such a strong attraction, one is due to the alternative space in the community as a community, with alternative system, in this system will gradually lose the patient's will; two is due to the nursing home for patients and avoid the task of the person who invented an exile in this space, people do not ignore the usual social principles and requests. Three is because the plain society also in the nursing home patient has adopted the non - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. These factors not only demonstrate the social efficacy of nursing homes, but also remind people living in this space and social relations. They live in a nursing home, on the one hand, due to the absence of a liability in a nursing home, and on the other hand, it is because society does not need them. 目录: |
