| （摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） Gesicht是古代德语中表现汉语中“脸”这一意思的最经常使用的词。世有千人，其脸各别。人的边幅都不尽雷同，德语论文，更别说说话这一庞杂的社会景象了。德语中的Gesicht和汉语中的“脸”这两个词因为遭到各自说话和文明配景等分歧的社会身分（诸如汗青、地舆、政治、文明传承、经济轨制）的作用，必定会涌现各自分歧的引伸意义和运用习气。好比德国人常常对汉语中的“脸”经常使用于表现“体面”这一引伸义知之甚少，常常不睬解，乃至招致误会。本文从说话学和文明比较角度，商量汉语词“脸”和德语词Gesicht在语义、语用及其文明内在方面各有何差异，并试着从汗青、地舆、思想措施或文明差别来比较剖析个华夏因。文章重要商量四个成绩：1、两者在词义扩大方面存在何差别；2、举例解释在雷同词义解读下两词的雷同和分歧用法和在分歧词义解读下它们的分歧用法；3、两词各自的同义词（语义场）及彼其间意义上的异同；4、中国人的“体面”与东方学者Brown/Levinson提出的“体面”（face）有何分歧，德语论文题目，“体面论”中提出的正面体面、负面体面、脸侵袭行动等能否都能与中国人的体面不雅对等，中国人的“体面”所强调的内在究竟是甚么等。文章经由过程层层剖析，力图使“脸”和Gesicht从语义、语用到文明内在等方面的差别通明化-特别是德国人不克不及懂得或经常误会的中国人的“体面文明”，还中国人的“脸”一个本相。现实上，两者固然都采取雷同的措施（比方和借代）扩大词义，然则各义项的解读出现出说话及文明的特别性；两者虽然有一些雷同的语义，然则在语用上因受各自文明的作用出现出很年夜分歧；Gesicht的同义词数目固然比lian多，然则其运用自力性却不如lian的同义词mian强；本文提醒的是两种分歧的“体面实际”和“脸文明”：东方的体面实际更多的算作一种小我外交礼貌战略，比拟之下，中国人的“体面”不只教人们如何礼貌地交换，更主要的是，它是保护人际关系的纽带，它表现出言语外交两边彼其间的尊敬，同时又是一种声誉感的表现，是以更具极重繁重的文明内在。 Abstract: Gesicht is one of the most frequently used words in the expression of "face" in Chinese in ancient German. There are thousands of people, in the face of individual. People look are not identical, let alone speak the complex social scene. The two words in German gesicht and Chinese "face" because of affected by the differences of their language and culture background and social status (such as history, geography, politics, civilization, economic track system), will emerge their differences extension significance and application habits. Like the Germans often of Chinese "face" is often used to "decent" the extended meaning poorly understood, often don't understand, and even lead to misunderstanding. This article from learning to speak civilization and comparative perspective, to discuss the Chinese word "face" and the German word gesicht in semantics, pragmatics and culture within the similarities and differences, and try from the history, geography, methods or ideas of civilization to comparative analysis of Chinese for. Brown/Levinson differences and important to discuss the four grades: 1, both in the extension of word meaning, there are differences; 2, explain with some examples in the same depends on the meaning of the two words of similar and different usages in different semantic interpretation of their usage; 3, two words of their synonyms (semantic field) and Peter the significance difference; 4, Chinese people "decent" and Oriental scholars put forward the "decent" (face) what are the differences, "decent" theory put forward positive decent, negative decent, face invasive action could have with Chinese decent indecent equivalence, in Chinese the "decent" emphasizes the internal what is what. The article through the layers of analysis, trying to make the "face" and gesicht from semantic and pragmatic to civilization internal differences transparent - especially Germans means not understand or often misunderstanding of Chinese decent civilization "and Chinese" face "a the. In fact, although both have taken the same approach (for example, to expand the meaning, interpretation and metonymy) but different meanings appear particularly of language and culture; they have some similar semantics, but in pragmatics is influenced by their own civilization appears very different; the number of synonyms of Gesicht is better than Lian however, the application of independence is not a synonym for Lian Mian; this is a reminder of two different "decent practice" and "face Oriental civilization": more decent actually more as a person, polite diplomatic strategy, Chinese "decent" not only teach people how to politely exchange and more importantly, it is a link between protection of interpersonal relationship, it shows that the respect on both sides of the foreign language, but also a sense of the performance is more heavy Inner civilization. 目录: |
