| （摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 根本辞汇是说话辞汇体系中最主要的部门，具有全平易近社会性、汗青稳定性、构词才能强三个特色，是人们平常外交中必弗成少的说话资料。是以，经由过程研究根本辞汇在汉外说话中的比较，分门别类剖析其本义偏向和搭配习气，并从中抽绎一些纪律，对于更好地掌握说话个性、懂得文明内在和增进对外汉语教授教养都有侧重要的感化。本文所商量的内容和研究的偏向，属于“个体说话的辞汇学”和“语义学”偏向。文中所触及的辞汇，德语论文，属于“根本辞汇”的规模。研究的办法，是经由过程商量这些词在汉语、英语、德语三种说话中雷同或分歧的引伸义及其启事，剖析其分歧文明内在和说话之间的互相感化和作用，从而提醒其文明心思，追求其个性特点，进而从对外汉语辞汇教授教养的角度，提出了笔者的一些对策和办法。本文依照提出成绩、剖析成绩、处理成绩的准绳，以个体例子归结了汉语、英语、德语根本辞汇的本义偏向及搭配习气，商量并测验考试着总结了个中的一些启事和纪律，德语毕业论文，并剖析了个中的文明内在。笔者在这些剖析的启示下，提出了对外汉语教授教养理论中，应留意增强文明渗入渗出、看重追求说话个性和双向进修的意见，以期改良对外汉语辞汇教授教养，进步对外汉语辞汇教授教养的效力，构成协调的教室交换氛围，从而到达更好的教授教养成效。 Abstract: Basic vocabulary is the most important department in the speech vocabulary system, with the whole national social, historical stability, word formation can be strong three characteristics, is a common foreign policy must be put into a few words. Is to, through research fundamental speech speak in Chinese as a foreign language in the sink, disaggregated analysis to the meaning of bias and collocation bad habit and from abstract some discipline, better grasp talk personality, understand the cultural connotation and enhance the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language have main effect on the. The content discussed in this paper and the discussion of the research, which are "the words of individual speech" and "semantic" bias. The terms touched upon in this article are the scale of the "basic vocabulary". Methods of research is through the process to discuss these words in Chinese, English, German three words identical or different the extension of meaning and reason, the cultural differences within and between the words of each other's role and impact analysis to remind the culture psychology, pursuit of the personality characteristics, and from the Chinese as a foreign language vocabulary teaching point of view, the some countermeasures and methods are put forward in the paper. The according to put forward the problems, analyzing problems and principle to solve the problem, to individual example attributed to Chinese, English, German fundamental speech sinks to the original meaning of bias and collocation bad habit, discuss and test test medium and some notices and discipline are summarized, and analyzed in the medium of civilization. The author in the analysis of the enlightenment, put forward the theory of teaching Chinese as a foreign language should be pay attention to enhance civilization infiltration and value pursuit to speak the views of personality and two-way learning, to improve the foreign language vocabulary teaching, the progress of Chinese as a foreign language speech exchange on the effectiveness of the teaching, to form a harmonious classroom atmosphere exchange, so as to achieve better teaching results. 目录: 摘要 3-4 ABSTRACT 4 第一章 语言词汇系统中的基本词汇 7-12 1.1 现代汉语中的基本词汇 7-8 1.2 英语中的基本词汇 8-10 1.2.1 英语词汇的历史发展以及现代英语的概念 8 1.2.2 英语基本词汇 8-10 1.3 德语中的基本词汇 10-12 第二章 汉、英、德基本词汇的转义方向及搭配习惯 12-37 2.1 对于自然界事物词的不同引申、联想及搭配习惯 12-16 2.1.1 对于“春” 12-14 2.1.2 对于“月” 14-16 2.2 对于人体及器官词的不同引申、联想及搭配习惯 16-18 2.2.1 对于“眉” 17-18 2.2.2 不同联想义之可能缘由 18 2.3 汉外亲属称谓的词义异同 18-23 2.3.1 汉语亲属称谓词的特点 18-19 2.3.2 英语、德语亲属称谓词的特点 19-20 2.3.3 汉语、英语、德语亲属称谓词异同对比 20-23 2.4 对于用品词的不同引申、联想及搭配习惯 23-28 2.4.1 对于“门” 23-25 2.4.2 对于“帽” 25-28 2.5 对于方位、处所和时间词的不同引申、联想及搭配习惯 28-31 2.5.1 “左”、“右”在汉语中的联想 28 2.5.2 left, right在英语中的联想 28-29 2.5.3 link, recht在德语中的联想 29 2.5.4 从“左、右”的联想义看语言间的相互作用及民族文化共性 29-31 2.6 对于一般行动和变化词的不同引申、联想及搭配习惯 31-33 2.6.1 “吃”在汉语中的联想 31 2.6.2 eat在英语中的联想 31-32 2.6.3 essen在德语中的联想 32 2.6.4 “吃”的联想方向在不同语言中转义方向的雷同性 32-33 2.7 对于一般性质和状态词的不同引申、联想及搭配习惯 33-37 2.7.1 “酸、甜、苦、辣”在汉语中的联想 33-34 2.7.2 sour, sweet, bitter, spicy在英语中的联想 34-35 2.7.3 sauer，sü?，bitter，scharf在德语中的联想 35 2.7.4 “酸、甜、苦、辣”联想义之可能缘由 35-37 第三章 对对外汉语词汇教学的启示 37-40 3.1 基本词汇教学在对外汉语词汇教学中的重要性 37 3.2 汉语词汇教学中文化意义的渗透 37-40 3.2.1 加强词汇教学中的汉外对比意识 37-38 3.2.2 重视语言共性的准则 38-40 参考文献 40-41 致谢 41 |
