This study is conducted to examine the influence of tourism impact awareness, policy fairness and trust to local residents’acceptance as a case of Jeju island. Former researches about local acceptance were comprehensive analysis of direct massive th... This study is conducted to examine the influence of tourism impact awareness, policy fairness and trust to local residents’acceptance as a case of Jeju island. Former researches about local acceptance were comprehensive analysis of direct massive threat such as nuclear plant or radioactive landfill and such. But in this research, researcher conduct throughout research about effect of tourism development in comprehensive view and characteristic of tourism development that is long term lasting and non-direct harm is accumulated. Former researches of local residents’ attitude toward tourism development focused theoretical approach. But this research tried new approach based on realistic local acceptance thus it is expected to expand area of research in relevant of tourism development between local resident. Written below is summary of the research. In this research, independent variable, tourism impact is measured by 5-point Likert-type scale using 24 questions, 6 factors of economic, social-cultural and positive and negative effect in environment. As result of exploratory factor analysis, negative effect in environment, positive effect in economy, positive effect in social-cultural effect and positive effect in environment, those 4 factors are deducted and finally used. Another independent variable, 2 factors of procedure and distribute fairness are measured by 10 questions 5-point Likert-type scale and through feasibility test, 9 questions were finally used. 4 questions in policy trust, and 3 questions in final result variance local acceptance were measured by 5-point Likert-type scale and used in positive analysis. To achieve the purpose of research, researcher deduct measurable variable of research concept component through former research and set research model and hypothesis. To examine research model, 41 final questions were deducted by pre-research, and including 5 general questions, questionnaire of 46 questions is made. Subjects of research are local resident around development area and people who are working in tourism. 400 copies of questionnaires were distributed and 336 copies were taken back and 324 copies were finally used for research. Proving research model by structural equation analysis (AMOS), positive and negative tourism effect awareness have meaningful effect in policy trust. Distribute fairness awareness shows positive effect(/) on policy trust but policy fairness shows no meaningful effect and policy trust shows positive effect(/) on local acceptance. About tourism effect and fairness awareness’s effect on local acceptance, positive tourism effect awareness shows positive effect(/) on local acceptance. Negative tourism effect shows no meaningful result, and both procedure and distribute fairness shows meaningful result on local acceptance. To conclude total effect of route by variable and direct and indirect effect, policy trust of negative and positive tourism in .443 and -.531. Policy trust of procedure and distribute fairness is .425 and .505. Local acceptance of positive and negative tourism effect is .636 and -.555. Local acceptance of procedure and distribute fairness is -684 and .678. It is shown that only distribute fairness has direct effect (.505) at policy trust. Direct effect on local acceptance is .513 for procedure fairness, .475 for distribute fairness, .402 for policy trust. Indirect effect between variables .178 for positive tourism effect->policy trust->local acceptant route, -.214 for positive tourism effect->policy trust->local acceptantance, .171 for procedure fairness->policy trust->local acceptance, .203 for distribute fairness->policy trust->local acceptant. Here is point of this research. First, for theoretical point, concept of local acceptance is an individual decision whether to accept or not by valuing cost and benefit. And the result give critical effect on executing real policy thus it can overcome limit of existing attitude research and tourism impact on tourism development. In view of benefit and cost, local resident put more weight on cost than benefit in tourism development. Still local resident does recognize positive effect of casino development. But people don’t think the benefit is not big enough to cover up environment damage and lower quality of life. So in large scale tourism development such as casino that social cost is high, as a tool that can lower local resident’s awareness in tourism impact, it is required to enhance local acceptance by higher policy trust through fair policy execution. So in casino development, both negative and positive effect of casino should be given to local resident so that they can objectively judge and accept it. And by securing fairness in policy procedure and distribution, we can enhance local acceptance. So authority should realize Jeju local resident’s high awareness of negative tourism development such as casino. And face the fact that Jeju people’s emotional reaction based on tourist destination life cycle can be differ by ownership of capital, pace of development and dependence. To do so, management of trust and fairness of policy in development policy and emotional marketing will be required to higher up local acceptance. Especially for Jeju resident, they lack of large scale development history represented by casino. So they can take it as abstract thing that it can be misunderstood by authority that they emotionally object to the development. The authority or tourism developer should keep in mind the above results.
|
