Korean learners have a common tendency to make errors in tense in the sentences. Beginners usually make a mistake in the tense form while intermediate/advanced learners often add or omit the morpheme '-eot(었)-' to the linking ending. It is considere...
Korean learners have a common tendency to make errors in tense in the sentences. Beginners usually make a mistake in the tense form while intermediate/advanced learners often add or omit the morpheme '-eot(었)-' to the linking ending. It is considered that advanced learners do not even understand the time relationship between incidences in the linking sentences. Previous studies have focused on the analysis of time in conjunct sentences that identify relative tense and absolute tense as known from Korean language studies. However, teaching method of Korean grammar should be different from that of Korean language. Also, Korean teaching method for non-native Korean speakers should be differed from that for native Korean speakers. Therefore, this study searched for the interpretation method of time expression in the conjunct sentences based on the Korean teaching point of view.
This study consists of total four chapters.
In the first chapter, the purpose and scope of this study and previous studies on the time expression are presented. Previous studies on time-related pre-final endings have mainly focused on the meanings in the short sentences as well as the errors made by Korean learners. Other studies on the conjunct sentences mostly compared the meanings between conjunct endings and indicated the time expressions in the conjunct sentences as a syntax restriction. Therefore, further in-depth studies are necessary to access with the real sentences of non-native Korean speakers.
In the second chapter, this study reviews the meanings of time-related pre-final endings and the interpretation methods of conjunct sentences based on both Korean teaching and Korean language point of view. Time-related pre-final endings such as '-eot(었)-', '-get(겠)-', '-neu(느)-', '-deo(더)-' have not only the meanings of tense but also the aspect and mood at the same time. Previous studies have tended to interpretate time in conjunct sentences with relative tense and absolute tense. Therefore, this study indicates the limit of this tendency and has realized the meaning of conjunct ending plays an important role for joining of time-related pre-final ending and conjunct ending.
In the third chapter, this study classifies conjunct endings by meaning and adds time-related pre-final ending, '-eot(었)-' or '-get(겠)-' to them. As a result, the joining aspect is changed according to the meaning of conjunct endings. When conjunct endings indicate the time relationship between preceding and following clauses, they are not able to join with time-related pre-final endings. That is, conjunct endings are not able to join to the time-related pre-final endings when the incidence of preceding clause occurs earlier or later than that of following clause or when the incidences of preceding and following clauses occurs at the same time. On the contrary, conjunct endings are able to join to the time-related pre-final endings when they do not mean time, e.g. ordering, contrast, selection, yield, condition, and background,
In the fourth chapter, it is reviewed how time expression of conjunct sentences can be interpreted according to whether conjunct ending is joined with time-related pre-final ending, '-eot(었)-' or not. It is realized that they are not joined when the conjunct ending has the same or conflicted meaning with '-eot(었)-'. They are joined when the conjunct ending has no time meaning. The meaning of '-eot(었)-' is changed according to the meaning of the conjunct ending. When preceding and following clauses are independent by time sequence such as ordering, contrast in meaning, causes, background, the pre-final ending '-eot(었)-' joined to the conjunct ending of preceding clause is interpreted with the characteristics of tense, aspect, and mood. According to the adverb in the sentence or context, it is interpreted as one of the meanings by above characteristics. Conjunct endings such as '-(eu)l ttae((으)ㄹ 때)'or others meaning pragmatic contrast, conversion, condition, yield don't have meanings related to time. However, if verbs are used in the preceding and following clause, the meaning of time is inferred. The pre-final ending '-eot(었)-' joined with preceding clause means '[completion]' and is conflicted with '∅[incompletion]'.
Contrary to the previous studies related to the time expressions of conjunct sentences, this study tries to analyze the meanings of conjunct endings. Based on the discussion of this study, further study is necessary to design a new method of Korean teaching.
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