| （摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 19世纪下半叶,美国犹太教阅历了一次深入的改造,此次改造由深受德国哈斯卡拉活动(犹太发蒙活动)作用的德国犹太人睁开。250000名德国犹太人在这个新世界延续了先前在德国的改造形式,促进了美国犹太改造活动。本文作者将从三方面动手,评论辩论美国犹太改造活动与德国哈斯卡拉活动之间的继承关系。起首,美国犹太人在美国这片新地盘上完成了本身平易近族束缚,获得了伟大胜利,笔者以为这是对德国哈斯卡拉活动活动中束缚思惟的一种照应,经由过程束缚思惟的指点,他们在美国争夺了更充裕的生涯。德国犹年夜人,作为改造派的主力军,在美国理论了德国哈斯卡拉活动给他们的启发--寻求经济位置、社会和政治权力的思惟,这为美国犹太人的社会位置的晋升和以后的改造活动奠基了基本。其次,更主要的是,美国的犹太人继续了德国哈斯卡拉活动的宗教礼节改造情势,例如他们沿用德国犹太祈祷书,宗教风俗,和礼堂改造等,来吸引美国会众,并终究让犹太教改造在美国延长开来。第三,最主要的是,美国犹太改造活动继续了德国犹太发蒙活动的神学教义。受德国哈斯卡拉活动对犹太思惟古代化,并增添其犹太特征的启发,美国宗教改造者在美国年夜举履行了广泛主义,反弥赛亚主义,和重复国主义。本论文将明白阐述,德国哈斯卡拉活动,做为美国犹太改造活动最主要的本源,若何深入地作用塑造美国犹太改造活动。现实上,在德国哈斯卡拉的引诱指引下,美国犹太人对社会权力、宗教典礼、神学不雅方面的改造,是一个完成美国犹太生涯的古代化过程,晋升犹太人在非犹太世界的的抽象,以便终究以融入美国社会的进程。 Abstract: In the second half of the 19th century, the American Jewish experience a deep transformation, the transformation from Germany by Haas Carla activities (Jewish Enlightenment) effects of German Jews open. 250000 German Jews in the new world, the continuation of the previous transformation in Germany, the United States to promote the transformation of Jewish activities. In this paper, the author will start from three aspects, the debate on the relationship between the U.S. Jewish transformation activities and the German Haas Carla activities. First of all, American Jews in the United States this piece of new land to complete their own national bondage, won the great victory, I think this is a German Haas Carla activities in the shackles of thinking of a reference, through the process of thinking of the guide, they compete for a more abundant career in the United states. German Jews, as the main force of the transformation of the main force in the United States, the theory of the German Haas Carla activities to their inspiration - to seek economic position, social and political power of thinking, this is the social position of the American Jews and the promotion of the transformation of the basic foundation. Second, the more important is that the American Jews continue the German Haas Carla activities of religious rituals, such as the transformation of the German Jewish prayer books, religious customs, and the assembly hall, to attract the United States, and ultimately to the Jewish transformation in the United States to extend the open. Third, the most important is that the United States to continue the transformation of Jewish German Jewish enlightenment theological doctrine. By German Haas Carla activities of Jewish thought modern and add inspired by the Jewish characteristics, reformation to the United States in the United States for fulfilled widely doctrine, anti messianism, and repeating the state doctrine. This paper will understand that the German Haas Carla activities, as the main source of the American Jewish transformation activities, how to deeply influence the shaping of the American Jewish transformation activities. In reality, under the guidance of the German Haas Carla's temptation, the American Jews on the social power, religious rituals, theological aspects of the transformation, is an ancient process of completing the American Jewish career, the promotion of the Jewish world in the abstract, so as to integrate into the process of American society. 目录: 摘要 4-5 Abstract 5 Acknowledgements 6-8 Introduction 8-17 A.L iterature Review 8-13 B.M ain Content 13-17 Chapter One American Jewish Reform Movement Rooted in German Emancipation 17-30 1.1 American Jewish Economic Emancipation 18-23 1.2 American Jewish Civil Rights Emancipation 23-30 Chapter Two American Jewish Reform Movement Rooted in German Religious Observances 30-45 2.1 American Jewish Ritual Observance Reform 32-41 2.1.1 Religious Services Reduction 32-36 2.1.2 Religious learning Reform 36-40 2.1.3 Prayer Book Reform 40-41 2.2 American Synagogue Reform 41-43 2.2.1 Reform Inside of the Synagogue 41-42 2.2.2 Reform Outside of the synagogue 42-43 2.3 American Jewish Organization Reform 43-45 Chapter Three American Jewish Reform Movement Rooted in German Theology 45-57 3.1.U niversalism 46-51 3.2 Anti-Messianism 51-53 3.3 Anti-Zionism 53-57 Conclusion 57-62 Works Cited 62-64 |
